mysql主从搭建方法

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主库搭建好后：

1、打包备份数据

（1）对数据库锁表只读

>flush table with read lock;

（2）默认情况下自动解锁的时间

>show variables like '%timeout%';

（3）锁表后查看主库状态

信息要记录在案,从库连接主库时需要用到

>show master status;

或

# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/data/3306/mysql.sock -e "show master status"

（4）锁表后开新的窗口，数据量很大（50G以上），允许停机，停机打包

#mkdir -p /server/backup

(5)打包数据

#mysqldump -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock--events \-A -B|gzip >/server/backup/mysql_bak.$(date +%F).sql.gz

(6)解锁数据库

#unlock tables;

从库搭建
1、安装MySQL需要的依赖包和编译软件

（1）安装MySQL需要的依赖包

#yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y

（2）安装编译MySQL需要的软件

#tar xf cmake-2.8.8.tar.gz

#cd cmake-2.8.8

#./configure

#gmake && gmake install

或者直接yum安装

#yum -y install cmake

2、开始安装MySQL数据库

（1）建立MySQL用户

#useradd -s /sbin/nologin -M mysql

(2)采用编译方式安装MySQL

#tar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz

#cd mysql-5.5.49

#cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49\-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data \-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock\-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \-DWITH_READLINE=1 \-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \-DWITH_DEBUG=0

#make && make install

#ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql

（3）配置从库配置文件

#mkdir -p /data/3307/data

#vim /data/3307/my.cnf

[client]port           = 3307socket         = /data/3307/mysql.sock[mysql]no-auto-rehash[mysqld]user    =mysqlport    =3307socket  =/data/3307/mysql.sockbasedir = /application/mysqldatadir = /data/3307/dataopen_files_limit   = 1024back_log = 600max_connections = 800max_connect_errors = 3000table_cache = 614external-locking = FALSEmax_allowed_packet =8Msort_buffer_size = 1Mjoin_buffer_size = 1Mthread_cache_size = 100thread_concurrency = 2query_cache_size = 2Mquery_cache_limit = 1Mquery_cache_min_res_unit = 2k#default_table_type = InnoDBthread_stack = 192K#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTEDtmp_table_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 2Mlong_query_time = 1#log_long_format#log-error = /data/3307/error.log#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.logpid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pidlog-bin = /data/3307/mysql-binrelay-log = /data/3307/relay-binrelay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.infobinlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_size = 2Mexpire_logs_days = 7key_buffer_size = 16Mread_buffer_size = 1Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 1Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G#myisam_repair_threads = 1#myisam_recoverlower_case_table_names = 1skip-name-resolveslave-skip-errors = 1032,1062replicate-ignore-db=mysqlserver-id = 3innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 32Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 4innodb_thread_concurrency = 8innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2innodb_log_buffer_size = 2Minnodb_log_file_size = 4Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120innodb_file_per_table = 0[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 2M[mysqld_safe]log-error=/data/3307/mysql_3307.errpid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

（4）配置从库启动文件

#vim /data/3307/mysql

#!/bin/sh################################################ #initport=3307mysql_user="root"mysql_pwd="123456"CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"#startup functionfunction_start_mysql(){      if [ ! -e"$mysql_sock" ];then      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"  /bin/sh${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 >/dev/null &    else      printf "MySQL isrunning...\n"      exit    fi} #stop functionfunction_stop_mysql(){    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock"];then       printf "MySQL isstopped...\n"       exit    else       printf "StopingMySQL...\n"${CmdPath}/mysqladmin-u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown   fi} #restart functionfunction_restart_mysql(){    printf "RestartingMySQL...\n"    function_stop_mysql    sleep 2    function_start_mysql} case $1 instart)    function_start_mysql;;stop)    function_stop_mysql;;restart)    function_restart_mysql;;*)    printf "Usage:/data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"esac

（5）修改文件权限

#chown -R mysql.mysql /data

#chmod 700 /data/3307/mysql

配置全局变量

#echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql/bin:$PATH'>>/etc/profile

#source /etc/profile

初始化数据库

#cd /application/mysql/scripts

#./mysql_install_db--basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data --user=mysql

启动数据库

#/data/3307/mysql start

登录数据库

#mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

设置登陆密码

#mysqladmin -u root -S /data/3307/mysql.sockpassword '123456'

#mysql -uroot -p -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

降权启动

#find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargschmod 700

#find /data -type f -name "mysql" -execchown root.root {} \;

设置开机自启

#echo "#mysql multi instances">>/etc/rc.local

#echo "/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.local

登录数据库

#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

#show variables like 'server_id';

删除不需要的库

#select user,host from mysql.user;

#drop user 'root'@'::1';

#drop user ''@'db02';

#drop user 'root'@'db02';

#drop user ''@'localhost';

#flush privileges;

从库连接主库配置信息

登录从库执行

>CHANGE MASTER TO>MASTER_HOST='10.0.0.51',  <==主库IP>MASTER_PORT=3306, <==主库端口号>MASTER_USER='rep', <==复制帐号>MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',  <==rep用户的密码>MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002',<==主库执行showmaster status;查看到的二进制日志文件名称>MASTER_LOG_POS=729; <==主库执行show master status;查看到的二进制日志偏移

启动从库复制开关

#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e"start slave;"

#mysql -uroot -p123456 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock -e"show slave status\G;"

Slave_IO_Running: YesSlave_SQL_Running: Yes

其中显示有上面两行内容表示主从以开始同步

将主库打包数据还原到从库

# gzip -dmysql_bak.2016-08-25.sql.gz

# mysql -uroot -p123456 -S/data/3307/mysql.sock 
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