zabbix的数据库优化

走zabbix的1.6版本开始测试，1.8的版本开始线上使用，线上使用过1.9、2.0、2.2、3.0、4.0的版本，使用或是测试过zabbix1.6之后的所有版本。个人也有之前的SA转变为DBA，就zabbix的运维走数据库层面有一些自己的心得，希望对读者有所帮助。

1：MySQL版本推荐

MySQL5.7及以上版本，便捷的在线DDL方便zabbix的快速升级
链接数据库方式：zabbix的server、proxy、MySQL数据库尽量使用域名方式连接，方便进行故障切换。

2：zabbix数据库的授权

读写权限，用作zabbix自身访问：
grant all privileges on zabbix. to 'zabbix'@'1.1.1.1' identified by 'zabbix';
只读权限，用作二次开发只读zabbix数据库：
grant SELECT on zabbix. to 'zabbix_ro'@'1.1.1.1' identified by 'zabbixro';

3：MySQL配置文件需要调整的几个重要参数

innodb_log_files_in_group = 16
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_file_per_table = 1
max_allowed_packet = 64M
back_log = 1024
max-connections = 2000
sync_binlog = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 0
binlog_format = row
expire_logs_days = 3

4：巧用SQL语句运维zabbix

使用SQL语句更新监控项或是触发器，提升变更效率，减少对数据库影响：
/
update zabbix.items set delay=5 where key='icmpping';
update zabbix.items t,zabbix.functions f set f.parameter='30' where f.itemid=t.itemid and t.key='agent.ping'
/

5：巧用读写分离和负载均衡

在做二次开发时，为避免对线上监控server端的影响，尽量使用独立的数据库从库读取数据（可能有大量通过API读取历史数据库等只读操作），需要一个只读的api接口，此时需要做zabbix数据库读写分离，可以在从库上过滤掉几张表，打开从库的写权限，这几张表主要用作用户登录的审计、session的记录，否则可能登录失败，：

replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.auditlog
replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.sessions
replicate-wild-ignore-table =zabbix.ids

同时zabbix web_api做负载均衡的时候，请使用IP hash的方式，因为涉及到session的问题。

6：zabbix升级注意事项

做zabbix的升级，其实是做zabbix数据库库表的变更，可能包含表结构的表更、索引的变更、数据的重组等操作，此时需要做一套新的数据库集群作为线上集群的存库存在，等数据同步完成，断掉同步，使用新的zabbix server程序连接新的数据库集群完成升级，升级完成后切换线上zabbix server、数据库域名到新的server和新的数据库上，这样能最低限度影响正常的监控。

7：数据库备份和数据清理

备份主要信息即可，监控数据和审计日志、events不需要备份，数据量太大。
历史数据的删除：包含监控历史详情数据和趋势数据，使用分区的方式进行删除；另外events表也要定时的清理，使用主键进行清理，保留5天左右的即可，并需要定期的进行碎片整理，否则监控大屏显示会逐步变慢。

8：zabbix server历史数据和趋势数据分区

分区sql脚本下载地址：
https://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition
/ 为历史表分区做准备。zabbix2.0/3.0 only，3.2以上的版本不需要执行 /

ALTER TABLE history_text DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD INDEX (id), DROP INDEX history_text_2, ADD INDEX history_text_2 (itemid, id);
ALTER TABLE history_log DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD INDEX (id), DROP INDEX history_log_2, ADD INDEX history_log_2 (itemid, id);

/ 在server的配置文件中设置HousekeepingFrequency=0,禁用zabbix自带的清理历史数据任务 /

/设置历史监控数据表中的时间字段为索引,方便后续按照时间取值二次开发/

ALTER TABLE history ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_log ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_str ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_str_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_text ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_uint ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE history_uint_sync ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE trends ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE trends_uint ADD INDEX clock (clock);
ALTER TABLE EVENTS ADD INDEX objectid (objectid,VALUE,clock);

/ 如果存在这五个存储过程则删除 /

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_create;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_drop;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_maintenance;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_maintenance_all;
DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS partition_verify;

/第一次执行存储过程/

CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');

/
inser to crontab 每天执行一次存储过程，生成新的分区和删除老的分区
#!/bin/sh
/xxxxx/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbixmonitor --socket=/xxxx/mysql/tmp/mysql.sock --database=zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"
/

存储过程详情如下：

/ partition_create /

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_create(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), PARTITIONNAME VARCHAR(64), CLOCK INT)
BEGIN
/
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create
/
/
Verify that the partition does not already exist
/

    DECLARE RETROWS INT;    SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS    FROM information_schema.partitions    WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;    IF RETROWS = 0 THEN            /*               1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.               2. Create the SQL to create the partition.               3. Execute the SQL from #2.            */            SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;            SET @SQL = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );            PREPARE STMT FROM @SQL;            EXECUTE STMT;            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;    END IF;

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_drop /

DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_drop(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
/
SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
/
DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);

    /*       Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date       in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with       a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.    */    DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR            SELECT partition_name            FROM information_schema.partitions            WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;    DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;    /*       Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create       @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that       should be deleted.    */    SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");    SET @drop_partitions = "";    /*       Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.    */    OPEN myCursor;    read_loop: LOOP            FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;            IF done THEN                    LEAVE read_loop;            END IF;            SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));    END LOOP;    IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN            /*               1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.               2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.               3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.            */            SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");            PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;            EXECUTE STMT;            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;            SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;    ELSE            /*               No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate               that no changes were made.            */            SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;    END IF;

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_maintenance /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;

    CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);    SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));    SET @__interval = 1;    create_loop: LOOP            IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN                    LEAVE create_loop;            END IF;            SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);            SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');            CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);            SET @__interval=@__interval+1;    END LOOP;    SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');    CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_verify /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_verify(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))
BEGIN
DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);
DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);
DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;

    /*     * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.     */    SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS    FROM information_schema.partitions    WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND TABLE_NAME = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;    /*     * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table     */    IF RETROWS = 1 THEN            /*             * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values.             * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition             * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could             * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").             */            SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));            SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');            -- Create the partitioning query            SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");            SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");            -- Run the partitioning query            PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;            EXECUTE STMT;            DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;    END IF;

END$$
DELIMITER ;

/ partition_maintenance_all /
DELIMITER $$
CREATE PROCEDURE partition_maintenance_all(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))
BEGIN
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 28, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);
CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14);
END$$
DELIMITER ;