Sql Server数据库常用Transact-SQL脚本的示例分析

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Transact-SQL

Transact-SQL（又称 T-SQL），是在 Microsoft SQL Server 和 Sybase SQL Server 上的 ANSI SQL 实现，与 Oracle 的 PL/SQL 性质相近（不只是实现 ANSI SQL，也为自身数据库系统的特性提供实现支持），在 Microsoft SQL Server 和 Sybase Adaptive Server 中仍然被使用为核心的查询语言。

数据库

1、创建数据库

USE master ; GO CREATE DATABASE Sales ON ( NAME = Sales_dat,  FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\saledat.mdf',  SIZE = 10,  MAXSIZE = 50,  FILEGROWTH = 5 ) LOG ON ( NAME = Sales_log,  FILENAME = 'C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\MSSQL13.MSSQLSERVER\MSSQL\DATA\salelog.ldf',  SIZE = 5MB,  MAXSIZE = 25MB,  FILEGROWTH = 5MB ) ; GO

2、查看数据库

SELECT name, database_id, create_date FROM sys.databases ;

3、删除数据库

DROP DATABASE Sales;

表

1、创建表

CREATE TABLE PurchaseOrderDetail (  ID uniqueidentifier NOT NULL  ,LineNumber smallint NOT NULL  ,ProductID int NULL  ,UnitPrice money NULL  ,OrderQty smallint NULL  ,ReceivedQty float NULL  ,RejectedQty float NULL  ,DueDate datetime NULL );

2、删除表

DROP TABLE dbo.PurchaseOrderDetail;

3、重命名表

EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory', 'SalesTerr';

列

1、添加列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exa ADD column_b VARCHAR(20) NULL, column_c INT NULL ;

2、删除列

ALTER TABLE dbo.doc_exb DROP COLUMN column_b;

3、重命名列

EXEC sp_rename 'Sales.SalesTerritory.TerritoryID', 'TerrID', 'COLUMN';

约束

1、主键

--在现有表中创建主键ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive ADD CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID);--在新表中创建主键CREATE TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive1 (  TransactionID int IDENTITY (1,1) NOT NULL  , CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (TransactionID) );--查看主键 SELECT name FROM sys.key_constraints WHERE type = 'PK' AND OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) = N'TransactionHistoryArchive'; GO --删除主键ALTER TABLE Production.TransactionHistoryArchive DROP CONSTRAINT PK_TransactionHistoryArchive_TransactionID; GO

视图

1、创建视图

CREATE VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate AS SELECT p.FirstName, p.LastName, e.HireDate FROM HumanResources.Employee AS e JOIN Person.Person AS p ON e.BusinessEntityID = p.BusinessEntityID ; GO

2、删除视图

DROP VIEW V_EmployeeHireDate;

存储过程

1、创建存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest  @LastName nvarchar(50),  @FirstName nvarchar(50) AS  SELECT FirstName, LastName, Department  FROM HumanResources.vEmployeeDepartmentHistory  WHERE FirstName = @FirstName AND LastName = @LastName  AND EndDate IS NULL; GO

2、删除存储过程

DROP PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeesTest;

3、执行存储过程

EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest N'Ackerman', N'Pilar'; -- Or EXEC P_UspGetEmployeesTest @LastName = N'Ackerman', @FirstName = N'Pilar'; GO -- Or EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeesTest @FirstName = N'Pilar', @LastName = N'Ackerman'; GO

4、重命名存储过程

EXEC sp_rename 'P_UspGetAllEmployeesTest', 'P_UspEveryEmployeeTest2';

5、带有输出参数的存储过程

CREATE PROCEDURE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD @SalesPerson nvarchar(50), @SalesYTD money OUTPUT AS  SELECT @SalesYTD = SalesYTD  FROM SalesPerson AS sp  JOIN vEmployee AS e ON e.BusinessEntityID = sp.BusinessEntityID  WHERE LastName = @SalesPerson; RETURN GO--调用DECLARE @SalesYTDBySalesPerson money; EXECUTE P_UspGetEmployeeSalesYTD  N'Blythe',  @SalesYTD = @SalesYTDBySalesPerson OUTPUT; GO

数据类型

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