如何基于Python绘制一个摸鱼倒计时界面

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实现过程

首先要知道、除了静态文字之外的比如当前日期、距离节日放假的天数等都是动态返回的，我需要使用 Jinja2 模板进行动态绑定。

我应该把重点放在时间的处理上。

而且在这个模板中，有阳历的节日，也是阴历的节日，我需要转换。

初始化一个 FastAPI 对象并声明静态页面的模板目录 (Jinja2Templates)

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import datetime from fastapi import FastAPI, Request from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date  app = FastAPI(     debug=False,     title="My API",     docs_url="/docs",     openapi_url=f"/openapi.json" )  templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")

可以看到的是我用到了 zhdate 这个库、主要用于阴历和阳历之间的相互转换。用法如下

today = datetime.date.today() print(today.year, today.month, today.day) print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date()) print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date()) print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date()) print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01") print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year}-04-05") print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year}-05-01") print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year}-10-01")

我们可以梳理一下:

计算距离 大年、元旦 的天数时，要在年份上 +1

计算距离 其他节日 的天数时，要判断天数差是否小于 0，如果是，则年份需要 +1，因为已经过去的节日对此没有意义

distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days  distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (         lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days  distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (         lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days  distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days  distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (         datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days  distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (         datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days  distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (         datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days

怎么样? 我的命名足够疯狂吧。

接下来需要计算一下距离周末的天数。

def get_week_day(date):     week_day_dict = {         0: '星期一',         1: '星期二',         2: '星期三',         3: '星期四',         4: '星期五',         5: '星期六',         6: '星期天',     }     day = date.weekday()     return week_day_dict[day]  week_day_ = get_week_day(today) print(f"今天是: {week_day_}") # 先获取今天是星期几

按照每周 5 个工作日计算，今天距离周末的天数就是

5 - today.weekday() # today.weekday() 今天距离周末

现在将所有的数据组装起来

time_ = [     {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"},  # 距离元旦     {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"},  # 距离过年     {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"},  # 距离清明     {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"},  # 距离劳动     {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"},  # 距离端午     {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"},  # 距离中秋     {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"},  # 距离国庆 ]

至于为什么是 List 而不是 Dict，那是我需要做一个根据距离天数的排序，让最先放假的节日放于最前面， 这样看起来会舒服得多。

time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)

接下来要写一个 路由，将数据传入到 html 页面中去。

@app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse) async def readme(request: Request):     return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",                                       {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})

来看一下完整的代码 (main.py):

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import datetime from fastapi import FastAPI, Request from fastapi.responses import HTMLResponse from fastapi.templating import Jinja2Templates from zhdate import ZhDate as lunar_date  app = FastAPI(     debug=False,     title="My API",     docs_url=f"/docs",     openapi_url=f"/openapi.json" )  templates = Jinja2Templates(directory="templates")  today = datetime.date.today()  # print(today.year, today.month, today.day) # print("大年时间: ", lunar_date(today.year+1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date()) # print("端午时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date()) # print("中秋时间: ", lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date()) # print("元旦时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-01-01") # print("清明时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-04-05") # print("劳动时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-05-01") # print("国庆时间: ", f"{today.year+1}-10-01")  distance_big_year = (lunar_date(today.year + 1, 1, 1).to_datetime().date() - today).days  distance_5_5 = (lunar_date(today.year, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days distance_5_5 = distance_5_5 if distance_5_5 > 0 else (         lunar_date(today.year + 1, 5, 5).to_datetime().date() - today).days  distance_8_15 = (lunar_date(today.year, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days distance_8_15 = distance_8_15 if distance_8_15 > 0 else (         lunar_date(today.year + 1, 8, 15).to_datetime().date() - today).days  distance_year = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-01-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days  distance_4_5 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days distance_4_5 = distance_4_5 if distance_4_5 > 0 else (         datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-04-05", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days  distance_5_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days distance_5_1 = distance_5_1 if distance_5_1 > 0 else (         datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-05-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days  distance_10_1 = (datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days distance_10_1 = distance_10_1 if distance_10_1 > 0 else (         datetime.datetime.strptime(f"{today.year + 1}-10-01", "%Y-%m-%d").date() - today).days   def get_week_day(date):     week_day_dict = {         0: '星期一',         1: '星期二',         2: '星期三',         3: '星期四',         4: '星期五',         5: '星期六',         6: '星期天',     }     day = date.weekday()     return week_day_dict[day]   # print("距离大年: ", distance_big_year) # print("距离端午: ", distance_5_5) # print("距离中秋: ", distance_8_15) # print("距离元旦: ", distance_year) # print("距离清明: ", distance_4_5) # print("距离劳动: ", distance_5_1) # print("距离国庆: ", distance_10_1) # print("距离周末: ", 5 - today.weekday())  now_ = f"{today.year}年{today.month}月{today.day}日" week_day_ = get_week_day(today) time_ = [     {"v_": 5 - 1 - today.weekday(), "title": "周末"},  # 距离周末     {"v_": distance_year, "title": "元旦"},  # 距离元旦     {"v_": distance_big_year, "title": "过年"},  # 距离过年     {"v_": distance_4_5, "title": "清明节"},  # 距离清明     {"v_": distance_5_1, "title": "劳动节"},  # 距离劳动     {"v_": distance_5_5, "title": "端午节"},  # 距离端午     {"v_": distance_8_15, "title": "中秋节"},  # 距离中秋     {"v_": distance_10_1, "title": "国庆节"},  # 距离国庆 ]  time_ = sorted(time_, key=lambda x: x['v_'], reverse=False)   @app.get("/", response_class=HTMLResponse) async def readme(request: Request):     return templates.TemplateResponse("readme.html",                                       {"request": request, "time_": time_, "now_": now_, "week_day_": week_day_})   if __name__ == '__main__':     import uvicorn      uvicorn.run(app='main:app', host="0.0.0.0", port=8080, reload=True)

最后就到了 html 页面部分了，来看一下主要的传值。

     【摸鱼办公室】今天是 {{ now_ }} {{ week_day_ }}     

     {% for v_ in time_ %}         
???? 距离 {{ v_.title }} 放假还有 {{ v_.v_ }} 天
     {% else %}         
沒有任何值
     {% endfor %}  

这样整个的路由构造和页面编写就算是完成了。

最后通过 Nginx 部署到我的站点上。

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