Oracle 12c pdb使用expdp/impdp导入导出

12c推出了可插拔数据库，在一个容器cdb中以多租户的形式同时存在多个数据库pdb。在为pdb做数据泵导入导出时和传统的数据库有少许不同。

1，需要为pdb添加tansnames

2，导入导出时需要在userid参数内指定其tansnames的值，比如 userid=user/pwd@tnsname

数据泵导出

1、查看当前的SID，查看pdb并切换到容器数据库,这里的pluggable数据库是pdborcl

[oracle@test admin]$ echo $ORACLE_SID[oracle@test admin]orcl

登录cdb，查看pdb,

SQL> show con_nameCON_NAME------------------------------CDB$ROOTSQL> show pdbs    CON_ID CON_NAME              OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------PDB$SEED                      READ ONLY    NOPDBORCL                       MOUNTEDSQL> alter pluggable database all open;Pluggable database altered.SQL> show pdbs    CON_ID CON_NAME              OPEN MODE  RESTRICTED---------- ------------------------------ ---------- ----------PDB$SEED                      READ ONLY  NOPDBORCL                       READ WRITE NO

切换到pdborcl

SQL> alter session set container=pdborcl;Session altered.SQL>

2、查看示例用户scott，以后的schema级别导入导出就使用该用户的数据。

SQL> select owner, table_name from dba_tables where owner='SCOTT';OWNER                   TABLE_NAME------------------------------ ----------------------------------------SCOTT                   SALGRADESCOTT                   BONUSSCOTT                   EMPSCOTT                   DEPT

3、单独创建一个dba权限的数据泵用户

SQL> grant dba to dp identified by dp;Grant succeeded.

4、创建一个数据泵目录dp_dir，路径为oracle家目录

SQL> create or replace directory dp_dir as  '/home/oracle';Directory created.SQL> exit

5、授予dp用户在数据泵路径有读写权限

（如果是dba权限的这一步可以省略，为了试验的完整性这里保留）

SQL> grant read,write on directory dp_dir to dp;Grant succeeded.

6、设置tnsnames.ora，增加pdborocl。SERVICE_NAME为pdb的实例名，这里为pdborcl

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ pwd/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin[oracle@xqzt admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora # tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.ORCL =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVER = DEDICATED)      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)    )  )PDBORCL =  (DESCRIPTION =    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521))    (CONNECT_DATA =      (SERVER = DEDICATED)      (SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)    )  )

7、测试tnsnames.ora的有效性，如果返回OK (0 msec)表示配置成功

[oracle@xqzt admin]$ tnsping pdborclTNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on 10-DEC-2015 09:10:34Copyright (c) 1997, 2014, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Used parameter files:/data/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/sqlnet.oraUsed TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the aliasAttempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = xqzt)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME =pdborcl)))OK (0 msec)

8、数据泵导出

• 用户名密码为dp/dp，并且通过tnsnames指向pdborcl

• 数据泵目录为：dp_dir, OS路径是/home/oracle

• 导出文件为：/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.dmp

• 导出日志为：/home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.log

• 导出模式为scheme，也可以理解为用户：scott

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ expdp dp/dp@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl.log schemas=scottExport: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Dec 10 09:32:05 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing optionsStarting "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  dp/********@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl.log schemas=scott Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATATotal estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KBProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKER. . exported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              6.023 KB       4 rows. . exported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.773 KB      14 rows. . exported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          6.023 KB      10 rows. . exported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rowsMaster table "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded******************************************************************************Dump file set for DP.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:  /home/oracle/scott_pdborcl.dmpJob "DP"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Thu Dec 10 09:32:29 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:21[oracle@xqzt ~]$

10、查看导出文件

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ ls  -l scott_pdborcl.dmp  scott_pdborcl.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 356352 12月 10 09:32 scott_pdborcl.dmp-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   1960 12月 10 09:32 scott_pdborcl.log

11、为了测试导出文件是否能够正常导入，我们先删除pdborcl的scott用户

SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;  COUNT(*)----------SQL> drop user scott cascade  ;User dropped.SQL>

此时访问该用户的表已经不存在了

SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;select count(*) from scott.DEPT                           *ERROR at line 1:ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

12、 导入scott用户

[oracle@xqzt ~]$ impdp dp/dp@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl_imp.log schemas=scottImport: Release 12.1.0.2.0 - Production on Thu Dec 10 09:39:02 2015Copyright (c) 1982, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.1.0.2.0 - 64bit ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP, Advanced Analytics and Real Application Testing optionsMaster table "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloadedStarting "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01":  dp/********@pdborcl directory=dp_dir dumpfile=scott_pdborcl.dmp logfile=scott_pdborcl_imp.log schemas=scott Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USERProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMAProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLEProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA. . imported "SCOTT"."DEPT"                              6.023 KB       4 rows. . imported "SCOTT"."EMP"                               8.773 KB      14 rows. . imported "SCOTT"."SALGRADE"                          6.023 KB      10 rows. . imported "SCOTT"."BONUS"                                 0 KB       0 rowsProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEXProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINTProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICSProcessing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/STATISTICS/MARKERJob "DP"."SYS_IMPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at Thu Dec 10 09:39:06 2015 elapsed 0 00:00:04[oracle@xqzt ~]$

13、 测试导入结果

SQL> select count(*) from scott.DEPT;  COUNT(*)----------     4

导入成功！