利用RMAN IMAGE COPY，启动新的数据库

通过IMAGE COPY技术，可以得到一个数据库的完整副本，快速打开数据库，避免数据库还原和恢复的漫长时间。下面是利用IMAGE COPY进行一个数据库完整恢复的案例。由于该测试是在同一台数据库主机上面进行，因此需要注意ORACLE_SID环境变量，以及相关路径下的文件不能被覆盖。

--1. 创建DB 0级 IMAGE COPY 备份

[oracle@sqlaudit ~]$ rman target /RMAN> BACKUP AS COPY INCREMENTAL LEVEL 0 TAG 'SRCDB-IMAGE' DATABASE FORMAT '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-%U';

--2. 创建测试数据

[oracle@sqlaudit ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> create table scott.test_backup    2  as  3  select rownum rn from dual connect by rownum <= 1000000;

--3. 创建DB 1级 IMAGE COPY 备份

RMAN> BACKUP INCREMENTAL LEVEL 1 FOR RECOVER OF TAG 'SRCDB-IMAGE' DATABASE FORMAT '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-%U' PLUS ARCHIVELOG;Starting backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:41current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=1 STAMP=961989888input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=2 STAMP=966842424input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=3 STAMP=966842833input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=4 STAMP=966842838input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=5 STAMP=966842911input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=6 STAMP=966842915input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=7 STAMP=966844055input archived log thread=1 sequence=9 RECID=8 STAMP=966844059input archived log thread=1 sequence=10 RECID=9 STAMP=966844121channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:42channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:43piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/12sq1nmp_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:43Starting backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:43using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setinput datafile file number=00001 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/system01.dbfinput datafile file number=00002 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/sysaux01.dbfinput datafile file number=00005 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/ggtbs01.dbfinput datafile file number=00003 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/undotbs01.dbfinput datafile file number=00004 name=/oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/users01.dbfchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:43channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:44piece handle=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-13sq1nmr_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup setincluding current control file in backup setincluding current SPFILE in backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:45channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:46piece handle=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-14sq1nms_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:46Starting backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:46current log archivedusing channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log backup setchannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup setinput archived log thread=1 sequence=11 RECID=10 STAMP=966844126channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:46channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 2018-01-31 07:48:47piece handle=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/15sq1nmu_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGE comment=NONEchannel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished backup at 2018-01-31 07:48:47

--4. 对 DB 0级 IMAGE COPY 备份进行恢复操作

RMAN> RECOVER COPY OF DATABASE WITH TAG 'SRCDB-IMAGE';Starting recover at 2018-01-31 07:48:57using channel ORA_DISK_1channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restorechannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile copies to recoverrecovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0nsq1nivrecovering datafile copy file number=00002 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0osq1nj2recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0qsq1njkrecovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0rsq1njlrecovering datafile copy file number=00005 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-GGTBS_FNO-5_0psq1njhchannel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-0vsq1nko_1_1channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-0vsq1nko_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGEchannel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restorechannel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile copies to recoverrecovering datafile copy file number=00001 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0nsq1nivrecovering datafile copy file number=00002 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0osq1nj2recovering datafile copy file number=00003 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0qsq1njkrecovering datafile copy file number=00004 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0rsq1njlrecovering datafile copy file number=00005 name=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-GGTBS_FNO-5_0psq1njhchannel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-13sq1nmr_1_1channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL1-13sq1nmr_1_1 tag=SRCDB-IMAGEchannel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01Finished recover at 2018-01-31 07:48:59

--5. 源库执行备份控制文件操作，获取日志中的信息

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace;--    Set #1. NORESETLOGS caseSTARTUP NOMOUNTCREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "SRCDB" NORESETLOGS FORCE LOGGING ARCHIVELOG......;

--6. 创建新的对象，用于后续完全恢复时进行稽核

SQL> create table scott.test22 (id number);SQL> alter system switch logfile;SQL> shutdown immediate;

--7. 创建 IMAGE COPY 数据库所需的参数文件(参数文件中的db_name不能修改，audit_file_dest与control_files路径要进行调整)

[oracle@sqlaudit ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ cp orapwsrcdb orapwsrcdbnew[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ strings spfilesrcdb.ora > initsrcdbnew.ora[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ cat initsrcdbnew.ora | grep '/oracle/'*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/srcdbnew/adump'*.control_files='/oradata/srcdb_img/control01.ctl','/oradata/srcdb_img/control02.ctl'[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/admin/srcdbnew/adump

--8. 启动数据库实例

[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=srcdbnew[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdbaSQL> startup nomount;

--9. 复制在线日志文件到新目录用于完全恢复

[oracle@sqlaudit archive]$ cp /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/redo01.log /oradata/srcdb_img/redo01.log[oracle@sqlaudit archive]$ cp /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/redo02.log /oradata/srcdb_img/redo02.log[oracle@sqlaudit archive]$ cp /oracle/app/oracle/oradata/srcdb/redo03.log /oradata/srcdb_img/redo03.log

--10. 重建控制文件

CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "SRCDB" NORESETLOGS    MAXLOGFILES 16    MAXLOGMEMBERS 3    MAXDATAFILES 100    MAXINSTANCES 8    MAXLOGHISTORY 292LOGFILE  GROUP 1 '/oradata/srcdb_img/redo01.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,  GROUP 2 '/oradata/srcdb_img/redo02.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,  GROUP 3 '/oradata/srcdb_img/redo03.log'  SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512DATAFILE  '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSTEM_FNO-1_0nsq1niv',  '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-SYSAUX_FNO-2_0osq1nj2',  '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-UNDOTBS1_FNO-3_0qsq1njk',  '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-USERS_FNO-4_0rsq1njl',  '/oradata/srcdb_img/SRCDB-LVL0-data_D-SRCDB_I-595837900_TS-GGTBS_FNO-5_0psq1njh'CHARACTER SET WE8MSWIN1252;SQL> SELECT NAME FROM V$DATAFILE;

--11. 源库检查检查需要注册的日志文件

[oracle@sqlaudit dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=srcdbSQL> startup mount;RMAN> list backup of archivelog all;BS Key  Size      Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time    ------- ---------- ----------- ------------ -------------------19      3.50K      DISK        00:00:00    2018-01-31 07:48:46        BP Key: 19  Status: AVAILABLE  Compressed: NO  Tag: SRCDB-IMAGE        Piece Name: /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/dbs/15sq1nmu_1_1  List of Archived Logs in backup set 19  Thrd Seq    Low SCN    Low Time            Next SCN  Next Time  ---- ------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------  1    11      969636    2018-01-31 07:48:41 969648    2018-01-31 07:48:46

--12. 新库注册源库的日志文件

SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/archive/1_11_961988430.dbf';SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/archive/1_12_961988430.dbf';SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/archive/1_13_961988430.dbf';SQL> ALTER DATABASE REGISTER LOGFILE '/oracle/archive/1_14_961988430.dbf';SQL> RECOVER DATABASE;SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

--13. 创建新的临时文件

SQL> ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/oradata/srcdb_img/temp01.dbf' SIZE 100M AUTOEXTEND OFF;