mongodb导出导入

数据库都分为冷备份与热备份，所谓的冷备份就是停库，然后把数据拷贝；热备份就是使用相应工具，在数据库运行时做备份。每种库都会有自己的热备份工具，mongodb也不例外。

mongodb的备份主要有热备和冷备。

一，冷备：

停止mongodb服务，直接copy数据目录；启动mongodb时，可以用--dbpath指定自己设置的数据库存储目录。

二，热备：

用mongodump来做MongoDB的库或表级别的热备份。

认识一下mongodump，

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongodump --helpUsage:  mongodump Export the content of a running server into .bson files.Specify a database with -d and a collection with -c to only dump that database or collection.See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongodump/ for more information.general options:      --help                                                print usage      --version                                             print the tool version and exitverbosity options:  -v, --verbose=                                     more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a numeric                                                            value, e.g. --verbose=N)      --quiet                                               hide all log outputconnection options:  -h, --host=                                     mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)      --port=                                         server port (can also use --host hostname:port)authentication options:  -u, --username=                                 username for authentication  -p, --password=                                 password for authentication      --authenticationDatabase=              database that holds the user's credentials      --authenticationMechanism=                 authentication mechanism to usenamespace options:  -d, --db=                                  database to use  -c, --collection=                        collection to usequery options:  -q, --query=                                              query filter, as a JSON string, e.g., '{x:{$gt:1}}'      --queryFile=                                          path to a file containing a query filter (JSON)      --readPreference=|                      specify either a preference name or a preference json object      --forceTableScan                                      force a table scanoutput options:  -o, --out=                                output directory, or '-' for stdout (defaults to 'dump')      --gzip                                                compress archive our collection output with Gzip      --repair                                              try to recover documents from damaged data files (not supported by all storage engines)      --oplog                                               use oplog for taking a point-in-time snapshot      --archive=                                 dump as an archive to the specified path. If flag is specified without a value, archive is written to                                                            stdout      --dumpDbUsersAndRoles                                 dump user and role definitions for the specified database      --excludeCollection=                 collection to exclude from the dump (may be specified multiple times to exclude additional collections)      --excludeCollectionsWithPrefix=    exclude all collections from the dump that have the given prefix (may be specified multiple times to                                                            exclude additional prefixes)  -j, --numParallelCollections=                             number of collections to dump in parallel (4 by default)

看下导出过程

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongodump -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -o /usr/local/mongodb/backup2016-10-31T09:41:03.521+0800    writing sykdb.system.indexes to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.522+0800    done dumping sykdb.system.indexes (2 documents)2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800    writing sykdb.system.profile to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800    writing sykdb.sykdb to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.523+0800    writing sykdb.table_syk to 2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800    done dumping sykdb.system.profile (2 documents)2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800    done dumping sykdb.sykdb (2 documents)2016-10-31T09:41:03.524+0800    done dumping sykdb.table_syk (1 document)

导出后的文件如下：

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ cd backup/[mongo@tstdb-25-220 backup]$ ll总用量 4drwxr-xr-x. 2 mongo dbmon 4096 10月 31 09:41 sykdb[mongo@tstdb-25-220 backup]$ cd sykdb/[mongo@tstdb-25-220 sykdb]$ ll总用量 28-rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon   75 10月 31 09:41 sykdb.bson-rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon   83 10月 31 09:41 sykdb.metadata.json-rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon  136 10月 31 09:41 system.indexes.bson-rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon 1529 10月 31 09:41 system.profile.bson-rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon   55 10月 31 09:41 system.profile.metadata.json-rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon   36 10月 31 09:41 table_syk.bson-rw-r--r--. 1 mongo dbmon   87 10月 31 09:41 table_syk.metadata.json

下面看一下导入（导出与导入可以看做是备份与恢复，所有的备份都是为了恢复而做）

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongorestore --helpUsage:  mongorestore  Restore backups generated with mongodump to a running server.Specify a database with -d to restore a single database from the target directory,or use -d and -c to restore a single collection from a single .bson file.See http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/program/mongorestore/ for more information.general options:      --help                                      print usage      --version                                   print the tool version and exitverbosity options:  -v, --verbose=                           more detailed log output (include multiple times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or specify a numeric value, e.g.                                                  --verbose=N)      --quiet                                     hide all log outputconnection options:  -h, --host=                           mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2 for replica sets)      --port=                               server port (can also use --host hostname:port)authentication options:  -u, --username=                       username for authentication  -p, --password=                       password for authentication      --authenticationDatabase=    database that holds the user's credentials      --authenticationMechanism=       authentication mechanism to usenamespace options:  -d, --db=                        database to use  -c, --collection=              collection to useinput options:      --objcheck                                  validate all objects before inserting      --oplogReplay                               replay oplog for point-in-time restore      --oplogLimit=[:ordinal]            only include oplog entries before the provided Timestamp      --archive=                        restore dump from the specified archive file.  If flag is specified without a value, archive is read from stdin      --restoreDbUsersAndRoles                    restore user and role definitions for the given database      --dir=                      input directory, use '-' for stdin      --gzip                                      decompress gzipped inputrestore options:      --drop                                      drop each collection before import      --writeConcern=              write concern options e.g. --writeConcern majority, --writeConcern '{w: 3, wtimeout: 500, fsync: true, j: true}'                                                  (defaults to 'majority')      --noIndexRestore                            don't restore indexes      --noOptionsRestore                          don't restore collection options      --keepIndexVersion                          don't update index version      --maintainInsertionOrder                    preserve order of documents during restoration  -j, --numParallelCollections=                   number of collections to restore in parallel (4 by default)      --numInsertionWorkersPerCollection=         number of insert operations to run concurrently per collection (1 by default)      --stopOnError                               stop restoring if an error is encountered on insert (off by default)      --bypassDocumentValidation                  bypass document validation

--oplogReplay这个参数，大家注意一下，mongodb的导出导入可以做的基本时间点的恢复

我们再insert一行，然后测试一下：

moe:PRIMARY> db.sykdb.insert ({"job":"dba"})

然后导入：

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongorestore -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb backup/sykdb2016-10-31T10:28:21.049+0800    building a list of collections to restore from backup/sykdb dir2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800    reading metadata for sykdb.sykdb from backup/sykdb/sykdb.metadata.json2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800    reading metadata for sykdb.table_syk from backup/sykdb/table_syk.metadata.json2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800    reading metadata for sykdb.system.profile from backup/sykdb/system.profile.metadata.json2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800    restoring sykdb.sykdb from backup/sykdb/sykdb.bson2016-10-31T10:28:21.051+0800    no indexes to restore2016-10-31T10:28:21.052+0800    finished restoring sykdb.system.profile (0 documents)2016-10-31T10:28:21.052+0800    restoring sykdb.table_syk from backup/sykdb/table_syk.bson2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800    restoring indexes for collection sykdb.sykdb from metadata2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800    restoring indexes for collection sykdb.table_syk from metadata2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800    finished restoring sykdb.sykdb (2 documents)2016-10-31T10:28:21.086+0800    finished restoring sykdb.table_syk (1 document)2016-10-31T10:28:21.087+0800    done

查询一下，看数据是否回来了

moe:PRIMARY> db.sykdb.find().limit(100);{ "_id" : ObjectId("5816ac26d37a70860b091c1f"), "job" : "dba" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5813041a56c55d778812e689"), "name" : "syk" }{ "_id" : ObjectId("5813065356c55d778812e68a"), "loc" : "beijing" }

介绍一对命令：mongoexport/mongoimport

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongoexport -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -c table_syk -o table_syk.dat2016-10-31T11:43:40.893+0800    connected to: 172.16.25.2202016-10-31T11:43:40.894+0800    exported 1 record

查看导出来的文件：

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ strings table_syk.dat {"_id":{"$oid":"581313a856c55d778812e68b"},"name":"syk"}[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ file table_syk.dat table_syk.dat: ASCII text

看来这个工具相当于其他数据库中的逻辑导出

把表清空

moe:PRIMARY> db.table_syk.drop()

导入

[mongo@tstdb-25-220 mongodb]$ bin/mongoimport -h 172.16.25.220 -d sykdb -c table_syk table_syk.dat2016-10-31T11:45:22.499+0800    connected to: 172.16.25.2202016-10-31T11:45:22.540+0800    imported 1 document

数据回来了。