mysql 安装
1、安装方法
mysql安装常见的方法有四种
| 序号 | 安装方式 | 说明 |
| 1 | yum\rpm | 简单、快速，不能定制参数 |
| 2 | 二进制 | 解压，简单配置就可使用 免安装 mysql-a.b.c-linux2.x-x86_64.tar.gz |
| 3 | 源码编译 | 可以定制参数，安装时间长 mysql-a.b.c.tar.gz |
| 4 | 源码制成rpm包 | 把源码制作成符合要求的rpm,通过yum安装 |
2、安装步骤
创建mysql 用户
groupadd mysql
useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql (不创建家目录)
获取软件包
可以选择国内的sohu镜像站点下载
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/ 可以选择自己要使用的其他版本
http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
二进制安装
[root@bj-web-001 opt]# cd /opt/
[root@bj-web-001 opt]#wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.5/mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@bj-web-001 opt]# tar xf mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@bj-web-001 opt]# ln -s mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64 mysql
[root@bj-web-001 opt]# ls -l mysql
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 28 6月 27 22:13 mysql -> mysql-5.5.55-linux2.6-x86_64
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# ls -l support-files/*.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 4691 3月 18 13:14 support-files/my-huge.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 19759 3月 18 13:14 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 4665 3月 18 13:14 support-files/my-large.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 4676 3月 18 13:14 support-files/my-medium.cnf
-rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 2840 3月 18 13:14 support-files/my-small.cnf
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# /bin/cp support-files/my-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf
[root@bj-web-001 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/mysql/
[root@bj-web-001 ~]# ll /opt/mysql/
总用量 72
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:08 bin
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 17987 3月 18 12:41 COPYING
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:08 data
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:08 docs
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:08 include
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 301 3月 18 12:41 INSTALL-BINARY
drwxr-xr-x 3 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:09 lib
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:08 man
drwxr-xr-x 10 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:09 mysql-test
-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 2496 3月 18 12:41 README
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:08 scripts
drwxr-xr-x 27 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:09 share
drwxr-xr-x 4 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:08 sql-bench
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 27 22:08 support-files
[root@bj-web-001 ~]# /opt/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/opt/mysql --datadir=/opt/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
[root@bj-web-001 ~]# tree /opt/mysql/data/
/opt/mysql/data/
├── mysql
│ ├── columns_priv.frm
│ ├── columns_priv.MYD
│ ├── columns_priv.MYI
│ ├── db.frm
│ ├── db.MYD
│ ├── db.MYI
│ ├── event.frm
│ ├── event.MYD
│ ├── event.MYI
│ ├── func.frm
│ ├── func.MYD
│ ├── func.MYI
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/opt/mysql#g' /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/mysql/data/bj-web-001.err'.
. SUCCESS!
还可以使用 （2选1）
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# /opt/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# netstat -ntpl|grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 58844/mysqld
要是启动失败，需要查看日志
[root@bj-web-001 mysql]# tail -f data/bj-web-001.err
InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables
InnoDB: Foreign key constraint system tables created
设置开机启动
[root@bj-web-001 data]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@bj-web-001 data]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@bj-web-001 data]# chkconfig --list mysqld
mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
配置环境变量
[root@bj-web-001 data]# echo 'export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@bj-web-001 data]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/opt/mysql/bin:$PATH
[root@bj-web-001 data]# source /etc/profile
[root@bj-web-001 data]# echo $PATH
/opt/mysql/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
测试登录
[root@bj-web-001 data]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.55 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user();
+----------------+
| user() |
+----------------+
| root@localhost |
+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> \q
Bye
设置密码
[root@bj-web-001 data]# mysqladmin -u root password '123456'
[root@bj-web-001 data]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@bj-web-001 data]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.55 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
删除无用账户
mysql> DELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE user = ''; [删除匿名帐户]
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+------------+
| user | host |
+------+------------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | ::1 |
| | bj-web-001 |
| root | bj-web-001 |
| | localhost |
| root | localhost |
+------+------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user "root"@"::1";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user ""@"localhost";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user ""@"bj-web-001";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> drop user "root"@"bj-web-001";
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
+------+-----------+
| user | host |
+------+-----------+
| root | 127.0.0.1 |
| root | localhost |
+------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
删除无用数据库
mysql> drop database test;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
至此，二进制安装mysql数据库完成。
