MySQL 主从复制原理及搭建

一.主从复制的工作过程：

二.MySQL复制类型

1. 基于SQL语句的复制

2. 基于行的复制

3. 混合复制

三.实验环境

OS：CentOS 6.5 x64

master：192.168.0.134

slave：192.168.0.135

三.配置主从复制

1.配置时间同步

master：配置为时间服务器

[root@master ~]# yum install ntp -y编辑/etc/ntp.conf 添加如下两行：server 127.127.1.0fudge 127.127.1.0 stratm 8service  ntpd start

slave：同步master时间

[root@slave ~]# yum install ntpdate -y[root@slave ~]# ntpdate  192.168.0.134   6 May 06:37:58 ntpdate[6653]: adjust time server 192.168.0.134 offset -0.469705 sec

2.安装MySQL

slave 和 master：

[root@master ~]# yum install  mysql-server  mysql -y[root@master ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start[root@master ~]# chkconfig mysqld on[root@master ~]# mysqladmin -u root password "123.com"

3.编辑配置文件

master：

编辑/etc/my.conf添加如下几行server-id=134  #设置id，主从不同log-bin=master-bin #开启二进制日志log-slave-update=true重启MySQL服务[root@smaster~]# service mysqld restart

slave：

编辑/etc/my.conf添加如下几行server-id=135relay-log=relay-log-binrelay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.indexread-only=1 #这里可以设置mysql为仅读，不对root生效重启MySQL服务[root@slave ~]# service mysqld restart

3.登录mysql，给slave授权

master：

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'slave'@'192.168.0.%' identified by '123456';Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> flush privileges;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show master status;+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+| master-bin.000001 |      181 |              |                  |+-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

# File：日志名 Position：偏移量

4.登录MySQL，配置同步

slave：

mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.0.134',master_user='slave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=181;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.12 sec)mysql> start slave;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show slave status \G*************************** 1. row ***************************               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event                  Master_Host: 192.168.0.134                  Master_User: slave                  Master_Port: 3306                Connect_Retry: 60              Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 181               Relay_Log_File: relay-log-bin.000002                Relay_Log_Pos: 252        Relay_Master_Log_File: master-bin.000001             Slave_IO_Running: Yes            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes              Replicate_Do_DB:           Replicate_Ignore_DB:            Replicate_Do_Table:        Replicate_Ignore_Table:       Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:   Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:                    Last_Errno: 0                   Last_Error:                  Skip_Counter: 0          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 181              Relay_Log_Space: 405              Until_Condition: None               Until_Log_File:                 Until_Log_Pos: 0           Master_SSL_Allowed: No           Master_SSL_CA_File:            Master_SSL_CA_Path:               Master_SSL_Cert:             Master_SSL_Cipher:                Master_SSL_Key:         Seconds_Behind_Master: 0Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No                Last_IO_Errno: 0                Last_IO_Error:                Last_SQL_Errno: 0               Last_SQL_Error: 1 row in set (0.00 sec)

#查看同步状态Slave_IO和Slave_SQL是YES说明主从同步成功。

四.测试

1.在master上面新建一个数据库

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || mysql              || test               |+--------------------+3 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> create database guoxh charset 'utf8';Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || guoxh              || mysql              || test               |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2.在slave上面查看数据库

mysql> show databases;+--------------------+| Database           |+--------------------+| information_schema || guoxh              || mysql              || test               |+--------------------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

#在slave上面可以看到刚才新建的数据库，则说明主从复制配置成功。