MySQL 报错'Variable 'XXX' is a read only variable'怎么办

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设置参数时报错
mysql> set global secure_file_priv='/database/percona';
ERROR 1238 (HY000): Variable 'secure_file_priv' is a read only variable

报错原因：
参数为只读参数，需要在配置文件中更改该参数，之后重启数据库

[mysql@localhost percona]$ bin/mysqladmin -uroot -S /u01/mysql_data/mysql.sock shutdown -p
Enter password:
2017-03-13T10:38:21.340514Z mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /u01/mysql_data/localhost.localdomain.pid ended
[1]+ Done bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/u01/mysql_data/my.cnf
[mysql@localhost percona]$ vim /u01/mysql_data/my.cnf
[mysqld]
secure_file_priv='/database/percona'

[mysql@localhost percona]$ bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/u01/mysql_data/my.cnf &
[1] 28543
[mysql@localhost percona]$ mysqld_safe Adding '/database/percona/lib/mysql/libjemalloc.so.1' to LD_PRELOAD for mysqld
2017-03-13T10:46:33.142327Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/u01/mysql_data/mysqld_error.log'.
2017-03-13T10:46:33.143853Z mysqld_safe Logging to '/u01/mysql_data/mysqld_error.log'.
2017-03-13T10:46:33.166624Z mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /u01/mysql_data

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