安装MySQL-5.5.49流程及配置多实例

下文内容主要给大家带来安装MySQL-5.5.49流程及配置多实例，所讲到的知识，与书籍略有不同，都是专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中，总结出来的，具有一定的经验分享价值，希望给广大读者带来帮助。

安装MySQL-5.5.49

安装包的获取：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/

# 安装MySQL需要的依赖包yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -yrpm -qa  ncurses-devel libaio-devel# 安装编译MySQL需要的软件yum install cmake -yrpm -qa cmake# 创建用户useradd mysql -u 777 -s /sbin/nologin -Mid mysql

上传MySQL包，解压

mkdir -p /home/oldboy/toolscd /home/oldboy/toolsrz -y #mysql-5.5.49.tar.gzll -shtar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz cd mysql-5.5.49

编译安装

cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49 \-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data \-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock \-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \-DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \-DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \-DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \-DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \-DWITH_READLINE=1 \-DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \-DWITH_DEBUG=0make && make install && echo $?cd ..

创建软链接

ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql

配置多实例

创建数据库文件目录，配置文件

mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/datatouch /data/{3306,3307}/{mysql,my.cnf}

tree /data//data/├── 3306#<==实例3306│   ├── data#<==3306数据库文件目录│   ├── my.cnf#<==3306配置文件│   └── mysql#<==3306启动脚本└── 3307#<==实例3307    ├── data#<==3307数据库文件目录    ├── my.cnf#<==3307配置文件    └── mysql#<==3307启动脚本

实例3306配置文件

vim /data/3306/my.cnf[client]port            = 3306socket          = /data/3306/mysql.sock[mysql]no-auto-rehash[mysqld]user    = mysqlport    = 3306socket  = /data/3306/mysql.sockbasedir = /application/mysqldatadir = /data/3306/dataopen_files_limit = 1024back_log = 600max_connections = 800max_connect_errors = 3000table_cache = 614external-locking = FALSEmax_allowed_packet =8Msort_buffer_size = 1Mjoin_buffer_size = 1Mthread_cache_size = 100thread_concurrency = 2query_cache_size = 2Mquery_cache_limit = 1Mquery_cache_min_res_unit = 2k#default_table_type = InnoDBthread_stack = 192K#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTEDtmp_table_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 2Mlong_query_time = 1#log_long_format#log-error = /data/3306/error.log#log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.logpid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pidlog-bin = /data/3306/mysql-binrelay-log = /data/3306/relay-binrelay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.infobinlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_size = 2Mexpire_logs_days = 7key_buffer_size = 16Mread_buffer_size = 1Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 1Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G#myisam_repair_threads = 1#myisam_recoverlower_case_table_names = 1skip-name-resolveslave-skip-errors = 1032,1062replicate-ignore-db=mysqlserver-id = 1innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 32Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 4innodb_thread_concurrency = 8innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2innodb_log_buffer_size = 2Minnodb_log_file_size = 4Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120innodb_file_per_table = 0[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 2M[mysqld_safe]log-error=/data/3306/mysql_oldboy3306.errpid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid

实例3307配置文件

vim /data/3307/my.cnf[client]port            = 3307socket          = /data/3307/mysql.sock[mysql]no-auto-rehash[mysqld]user    = mysqlport    = 3307socket  = /data/3307/mysql.sockbasedir = /application/mysqldatadir = /data/3307/dataopen_files_limit = 1024back_log = 600max_connections = 800max_connect_errors = 3000table_cache = 614external-locking = FALSEmax_allowed_packet =8Msort_buffer_size = 1Mjoin_buffer_size = 1Mthread_cache_size = 100thread_concurrency = 2query_cache_size = 2Mquery_cache_limit = 1Mquery_cache_min_res_unit = 2k#default_table_type = InnoDBthread_stack = 192K#transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTEDtmp_table_size = 2Mmax_heap_table_size = 2M#long_query_time = 1#log_long_format#log-error = /data/3307/error.log#log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.logpid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid#log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-binrelay-log = /data/3307/relay-binrelay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.infobinlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_cache_size = 1Mmax_binlog_size = 2Mexpire_logs_days = 7key_buffer_size = 16Mread_buffer_size = 1Mread_rnd_buffer_size = 1Mbulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M#myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M#myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G#myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G#myisam_repair_threads = 1#myisam_recoverlower_case_table_names = 1skip-name-resolveslave-skip-errors = 1032,1062replicate-ignore-db=mysqlserver-id = 3innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4Minnodb_buffer_pool_size = 32Minnodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextendinnodb_file_io_threads = 4innodb_thread_concurrency = 8innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2innodb_log_buffer_size = 2Minnodb_log_file_size = 4Minnodb_log_files_in_group = 3innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120innodb_file_per_table = 0[mysqldump]quickmax_allowed_packet = 2M[mysqld_safe]log-error=/data/3307/mysql_oldboy3307.errpid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid

实例3306启动脚本

vim /data/3306/mysql#!/bin/sh#################################################this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09#oldboy QQ:31333741#site:http://www.etiantian.org#blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com#oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307  44246017#################################################initport=3306mysql_user="root"mysql_pwd="oldboy"CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"#startup functionfunction_start_mysql(){    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"      /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &    else      printf "MySQL is running...\n"      exit    fi}#stop functionfunction_stop_mysql(){    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"       exit    else       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"       ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown   fi}#restart functionfunction_restart_mysql(){    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"    function_stop_mysql    sleep 2    function_start_mysql}case $1 instart)    function_start_mysql;;stop)    function_stop_mysql;;restart)    function_restart_mysql;;*)    printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"esac

实例3307启动脚本

vim /data/3307/mysql#!/bin/sh#################################################this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09#oldboy QQ:31333741#site:http://www.etiantian.org#blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com#oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307  44246017#################################################initport=3307mysql_user="root"mysql_pwd="oldboy"CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"#startup functionfunction_start_mysql(){    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then      printf "Starting MySQL...\n"      /bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &    else      printf "MySQL is running...\n"      exit    fi}#stop functionfunction_stop_mysql(){    if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then       printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"       exit    else       printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"       ${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown   fi}#restart functionfunction_restart_mysql(){    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"    function_stop_mysql    sleep 2    function_start_mysql}case $1 instart)    function_start_mysql;;stop)    function_stop_mysql;;restart)    function_restart_mysql;;*)    printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"esac

修改启动脚本的权限

find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargs chmod 700

授权mysql用户管理/data目录

chown -R mysql.mysql /data

初使化数据库

cd /application/mysql/scripts/./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data/./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data/

启动多实例，加入开机自启动

/data/3306/mysql start/data/3307/mysql startnetstat -tunlp |grep 330

# echo命令的 -e参数处理特殊字符；\n 换行且光标移至行首echo -e "\n##mysql multi instance\n/data/3306/mysql start\n/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.local

tail -3 /etc/rc.local##mysql multi instance/data/3306/mysql start/data/3307/mysql start

设置环境变量

方法一：将mysql的相关命令放入到已经是环境变量的目录下（推荐！！）

cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/

方法二

export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATHecho 'export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH' >>/etc/profiletail -1 /etc/profilesource /etc/profileecho $PATH

登录与退出多实例

多实例的登录(无密码)

mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sockmysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

退出登录（4种）

mysql> exitmysql> quitmysql> Ctrl + cmysql> Ctrl + d

设置密码

mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3306/mysql.sockmysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

更改密码为：oldboy456

mysqladmin -uroot -poldboy123 password 'oldboy456' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock

多实例的登录(有密码)

mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sockmysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock

再加一个实例3308

mkdir /data/3308/data -pcp /data/3306/{my.cnf,mysql} /data/3308/sed -i 's#3306#3308#g' /data/3308/{my.cnf,mysql}sed -i 's#server-id = 1#server-id = 8#g' /data/3308/my.cnfchown -R mysql.mysql /data/3308chmod 700 /data/3308/mysqlcd /application/mysql-5.5.49/scripts/./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data//data/3308/mysql startecho "/data/3308/mysql start" >>/etc/rc.localnetstat -tunpl |grep 330mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sockmysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3308/mysql.sockmysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3308/mysql.sock

MySQL多实例优化

清理无用的MySQL库（3306）

mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sockdrop database test;show databases;

清理无用的MySQL用户

select user,host from mysql.user;drop user "root"@"::1";drop user " "@"db02"; drop user "root"@"db02";drop user " "@"localhost";

故障：drop命令删除不了用户

可能是大写及Linux主机名导致的，注意：删除用户尽量用drop命令，不要用delete命令

解决方法如下：

delete from mysql.user where user='' and host='S1';    delete from mysql.user where user='root' and host='S1';

刷新权限

刷新权限，使更改立马生效

flush privileges;

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