mysql怎么进行备份

这篇文章主要介绍"mysql怎么进行备份"，在日常操作中，相信很多人在mysql怎么进行备份问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答"mysql怎么进行备份"的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

MySQL 5.5.47
备份路径 /backup/

安装

 apt-get install percona-xtrabackup11

一、 全量备份

root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/var/lib# innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=123123 /backup/           InnoDB Backup Utility v1.5.1-xtrabackup; Copyright 2003, 2009 Innobase Oyand Percona LLC and/or its affiliates 2009-2013.  All Rights Reserved.This software is published underthe GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991.Get the latest version of Percona XtraBackup, documentation, and help resources:http://www.percona.com/xb/ubuntu160217 11:17:53  innobackupex: Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root'  (using password: YES).160217 11:17:53  innobackupex: Connected to MySQL server160217 11:17:53  innobackupex: Executing a version check against the server...160217 11:17:53  innobackupex: Done.IMPORTANT: Please check that the backup run completes successfully.           At the end of a successful backup run innobackupex           prints "completed OK!".innobackupex: Using mysql server version 5.5.47-0ubuntu0.14.04.1innobackupex: Created backup directory /backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53160217 11:17:53  innobackupex: Starting ibbackup with command: xtrabackup_55  --defaults-file="/etc/mysql/my.cnf"  --defaults-group="mysqld" --backup --suspend-at-end --target-dir=/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53 --tmpdir=/tmpinnobackupex: Waiting for ibbackup (pid=30486) to suspendinnobackupex: Suspend file '/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53/xtrabackup_suspended_2'xtrabackup_55 version 2.1.8 for Percona Server 5.5.35 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: undefined)xtrabackup: uses posix_fadvise().xtrabackup: cd to /var/lib/mysqlxtrabackup: using the following InnoDB configuration:xtrabackup:   innodb_data_home_dir = ./xtrabackup:   innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextendxtrabackup:   innodb_log_group_home_dir = ./xtrabackup:   innodb_log_files_in_group = 2xtrabackup:   innodb_log_file_size = 5242880>> log scanned up to (3233814)[01] Copying ./ibdata1 to /backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53/ibdata1[01]        ...done>> log scanned up to (3233814)xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53/xtrabackup_suspended_2' with pid '30487'160217 11:17:55  innobackupex: Continuing after ibbackup has suspended160217 11:17:55  innobackupex: Starting to lock all tables...160217 11:17:55  innobackupex: All tables locked and flushed to disk160217 11:17:55  innobackupex: Starting to backup non-InnoDB tables and filesinnobackupex: in subdirectories of '/var/lib/mysql'innobackupex: Backing up files '/var/lib/mysql/phpmyadmin/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' (37 files)>> log scanned up to (3233814)innobackupex: Backing up files '/var/lib/mysql/mysql/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' (72 files)innobackupex: Backing up files '/var/lib/mysql/performance_schema/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' (18 files)innobackupex: Backing up files '/var/lib/mysql/blog/*.{frm,isl,MYD,MYI,MAD,MAI,MRG,TRG,TRN,ARM,ARZ,CSM,CSV,opt,par}' (29 files)160217 11:17:56  innobackupex: Finished backing up non-InnoDB tables and files160217 11:17:56  innobackupex: Waiting for log copying to finishxtrabackup: The latest check point (for incremental): '3233814'xtrabackup: Stopping log copying thread..>> log scanned up to (3233814)xtrabackup: Creating suspend file '/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53/xtrabackup_log_copied' with pid '30487'xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (3233814) to (3233814) was copied.160217 11:17:57  innobackupex: All tables unlockedinnobackupex: Backup created in directory '/backup/2016-02-17_11-17-53'160217 11:17:57  innobackupex: Connection to database server closed160217 11:17:57  innobackupex: completed OK!12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031323334353637383940414243444546474849505152535455565758596061626364656667681234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465666768

completed OK! 表示备份成功。

还有很多其他常用的参数。
-stream=tar 压缩类型, 默认是输出到终端,如果保存为文件

innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=*** /backup/ --stream=tar > /backup/`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`.tar#or gzip 压缩innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=*** /backup/ --stream=tar  | gzip > /backup/`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`.tar.gz123123

-parallel=4 -throttle=400 并行个数，根据主机配置选择合适的，默认是1个，多个可以加快备份速度。

二、 全量恢复

恢复备份文件要保证mysql datadir文件为空，否则会报错

测试恢复

service mysql stop #停止MySQLmv /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_bak #备份原mysql 的datadirmkdir /var/lib/mysql123123

恢复第一步：应用日志

如果加了压缩，需要解压

mkdir /backup/20160217_114521tar -ixvf /backup/20160217_114521.tar.gz -C /backup/20160217_1145211212

innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log /backup/20160217_11452111

恢复第二步：拷贝文件到MySQL datadir

innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf  --copy-back /backup/20160217_11452111

恢复第三步：修改文件权限,启动mysql服务。

chown mysql: /var/lib/mysql -Rservice mysql start1212

三、 增量备份

增量备份需要基于全备，先假设我们已经有了一个全备（/backup/20160217_114521），在该全表的基础上做增量备份。
第一次在数据库插入一条数据,在全备上做增量备份

innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=123123   --incremental-basedir=/backup/20160217_114521 --incremental /backup/11

incremental-basedir=全备的目录
-incremental=增量备份的目录

第二次在数据库插入一条数据,在第一次增量备份上做增量备份

innobackupex --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --user=root --password=123123   --incremental-basedir=/backup/2016-02-17_12-15-30 --incremental /backup/11

incremental-basedir=在第一次增量备份的目录--incremental=增量备份的目录1212

备份目录下，有一个文件xtrabackup_checkpoints记录着备份信息，全备的信息如下：

root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/backup# cat 20160217_114521/xtrabackup_checkpoints backup_type = full-preparedfrom_lsn = 0to_lsn = 3233814last_lsn = 3233814compact = 0root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/backup# cat 2016-02-17_12-15-30/xtrabackup_checkpoints                backup_type = incrementalfrom_lsn = 3233814to_lsn = 3234430last_lsn = 3234430compact = 0root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/backup# cat 2016-02-17_12-1/xtrabackup_checkpoints     2016-02-17_12-15-30/ 2016-02-17_12-17-31/ root@iZu1dc59z8tZ:/backup# cat 2016-02-17_12-17-31/xtrabackup_checkpoints backup_type = incrementalfrom_lsn = 3234430to_lsn = 3234537last_lsn = 3234537compact = 012345678910111213141516171819201234567891011121314151617181920

从上面可以看出，增量备份的from_lsn正好等于全备的to_lsn。

四、 增量恢复

//测试恢复service mysql stop #停止MySQLmv /var/lib/mysql/ /var/lib/mysql_bak #备份原mysql 的datadirmkdir /var/lib/mysql12341234

恢复第一步：应用所有增量日志

1，应用全量的日志

innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only /backup/20160217_11452111

2，应用增量的日志

//第一次增量innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log --redo-only /backup/20160217_114521 --incremental-dir=/backup/2016-02-17_12-15-30/ 1212

……

//最后一次增量innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf --apply-log  /backup/20160217_114521 --incremental-dir=/backup/2016-02-17_12-17-31/1212

恢复第二步：拷贝文件到MySQL datadir

innobackupex  --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/my.cnf  --copy-back /backup/20160217_11452111

恢复第三步：修改文件权限,启动mysql服务。

chown mysql: /var/lib/mysql -Rservice mysql start

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