MySQL报错Table 'plugin' is read only [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table怎么办

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迁移MySQL数据库的时候，发生了下面的报错

181205 14:10:22 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /data/mysql_3308/2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --log-slave-updates work.2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --binlog-format work.2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled./usr/sbin/mysqld: Table 'plugin' is read only2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [ERROR] Can't open the mysql.plugin table. Please run mysql_upgrade to create it.2018-12-05 14:10:22 7fe3f219b740 InnoDB: Warning: Using innodb_additional_mem_pool_size is DEPRECATED. This option may be removed in future releases, together with the option innodb_use_sys_malloc and with the InnoDB's internal memory allocator.2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Using atomics to ref count buffer pool pages2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Memory barrier is not used2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.32018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Using CPU crc32 instructions2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 4.0G2018-12-05 14:10:22 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool2018-12-05 14:10:23 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Highest supported file format is Barracuda.2018-12-05 14:10:23 18964 [Note] InnoDB: 128 rollback segment(s) are active.2018-12-05 14:10:23 18964 [Note] InnoDB: Waiting for purge to start06:10:23 UTC - mysqld got signal 11 ;This could be because you hit a bug. It is also possible that this binaryor one of the libraries it was linked against is corrupt, improperly built,or misconfigured. This error can also be caused by malfunctioning hardware.We will try our best to scrape up some info that will hopefully helpdiagnose the problem, but since we have already crashed,something is definitely wrong and this may fail.key_buffer_size=8388608read_buffer_size=131072max_used_connections=0max_threads=2000thread_count=0connection_count=0It is possible that mysqld could use up tokey_buffer_size + (read_buffer_size + sort_buffer_size)*max_threads = 4387598 K  bytes of memoryHope that's ok; if not, decrease some variables in the equation.Thread pointer: 0x0Attempting backtrace. You can use the following information to find outwhere mysqld died. If you see no messages after this, something wentterribly wrong...stack_bottom = 0 thread_stack 0x40000/usr/sbin/mysqld(my_print_stacktrace+0x3b)[0x8dd30b]/usr/sbin/mysqld(handle_fatal_signal+0x491)[0x6720b1]/lib64/libpthread.so.0(+0xf6d0)[0x7fe3f1d7c6d0]/usr/sbin/mysqld(my_realpath+0x87)[0x8da5d7]/usr/sbin/mysqld(_Z19find_or_create_fileP10PFS_threadP14PFS_file_classPKcjb+0x9c)[0xabaddc]

报错提示plugin表只读，无法正常打开。

查看对应数据目录的权限，已经授予了mysql的所属权限。

[root@bi-multi-mysql-d9 mysql_3307]# ls -trltotal 3621384drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql2 mysql2         10 Jul 13  2017 test-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2  536870912 Jul 13  2017 ib_logfile1-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2  536870912 Jul 13  2017 ib_logfile2drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql2 mysql2       4096 Jul 13  2017 performance_schema-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2        431 Jul 13  2017 mysql-bin.000001drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql2 mysql2       8192 Jul 13  2017 mysql-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2        143 Jul 13  2017 mysql-bin.000002-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2         57 Jul 13  2017 mysql-bin.index-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2         56 Jul 13  2017 auto.cnf-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2     109302 Jul 14  2017 mysql-bin.000003drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql2 mysql2       4096 Sep 29 09:12 jolly_alliance_center-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2        221 Dec  5 12:20 mysqld-relay-bin.000670-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2         52 Dec  5 12:20 mysqld-relay-bin.index-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2         69 Dec  5 15:08 relay-log.info-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2     358775 Dec  5 15:08 mysqld-relay-bin.000671-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2        137 Dec  5 15:08 master.info-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2  536870912 Dec  5 16:37 ib_logfile0-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 1048576000 Dec  5 16:37 ibdata2-rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql2 mysql2 1048576000 Dec  5 16:37 ibdata1

报错的原因：

mysql操作系统用户的权限被修改，无法进入数据目录，进而导致报错。

数据目录是/data/mysql_3307，mysql操作系统用户无法进入/data。

修改权限后，恢复正常。

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