Ubuntu-16.04 部署 OpenStack Ocata<上>
发表于：2026-11-01 作者：千家信息网编辑
千家信息网最后更新 2026年11月01日，注:本文参照openstack官方文档部署，地址https://docs.openstack.org/。明明才10万字符，硬说超过20万，没办法，分篇。建议:配置时仔细核对，经多次实验，很多错误都是配
千家信息网最后更新 2026年11月01日Ubuntu-16.04 部署 OpenStack Ocata<上>
注:本文参照openstack官方文档部署，地址https://docs.openstack.org/。明明才10万字符，硬说超过20万，没办法，分篇。
建议:配置时仔细核对，经多次实验，很多错误都是配置失误造成的。
一、搭建基础环境
192.168.30.145 controller【2vCPU、4G内存、40G存储、双网卡】
192.168.30.146 compute【2vCPU、4G内存、40G存储、双网卡】
1.安装ssh并配置root密码
$ sudo apt install ssh$ sudo passwd rootEnter new UNIX password: Retype new UNIX password: passwd: password updated successfully
2.获取临时认证令牌
# openssl rand -hex 10bdb5cad50653d4e85b7d
3.添加阿里云镜像
# cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak# vim /etc/apt/sources.listdeb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial main restricted deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates multiversedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiversedeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partnerdeb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial partnerdeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricteddeb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse universe deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universedeb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security multiverse
4.配置网络接口IP
# ip addr # vim /etc/network/interfacesauto ens33iface ens33 inet staticaddress 192.168.30.145netmask 255.255.255.0gateway 192.168.30.2dns-nameserver 114.114.114.114# The provider network interface(配置第二个接口为提供者接口)auto ens34iface ens34 inet manualup ip link set dev $IFACE updown ip link set dev $IFACE down
5.配置host
# vim /etc/hosts192.168.30.145 controller192.168.30.146 compute
6.配置NTP时间协议
# dpkg-reconfigure tzdata ##修改时区Current default time zone: 'Asia/Chongqing'Local time is now: Tue Mar 28 20:54:33 CST 2017.Universal Time is now: Tue Mar 28 12:54:33 UTC 2017.# apt -y install chrony ##安装chrony时间同步软件
Controller Node
# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.confallow 192.168.30.0/24 ##设置允许该网段与自己同步时间# service chrony restart
Compute Node
# vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf# pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org offline iburstserver 192.168.30.145 iburst ##设置时间同步服务器地址# service chrony restart# chronyc sources210 Number of sources = 1MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample===============================================================================^* controller 3 6 377 33 -375us[ -422us] +/- 66ms
7.在所有节点启用openstack库、安装openstack客户端
# apt -y install software-properties-common# add-apt-repository cloud-archive:ocata# apt -y update && apt -y dist-upgrade# apt -y install python-openstackclient
8.安装并配置数据库服务(Controller Node)
# apt -y install mariadb-server python-pymysql# vim /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/99-openstack.cnf[mysqld]bind-address = 192.168.30.145default-storage-engine = innodbinnodb_file_per_table = onmax_connections = 4096collation-server = utf8_general_cicharacter-set-server = utf8# service mysql restart# mysql_secure_installation##运行该脚本来保证数据库安全，为root账户设置一个合适的密码
9.安装并配置Rabbitmq消息队列服务(Controller Node)
# apt -y install rabbitmq-server# rabbitmqctl add_user openstack openstack ##添加OpenStack用户并配置密码Creating user "openstack" ...##允许openstack用户的配置、写、读权限# rabbitmqctl set_permissions openstack ".*" ".*" ".*"Setting permissions for user "openstack" in vhost "/" ...# rabbitmqctl list_users ##列出用户Listing users ...guest[administrator]openstack[]# rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions openstack ##列出该用户权限Listing permissions for user "openstack" .../.*.*.*# rabbitmqctl status ##查看RabbitMQ相关信息# rabbitmq-plugins list ##查看RabbitMQ相关插件 Configured: E = explicitly enabled; e = implicitly enabled | Status: * = running on rabbit@openstack1 |/ ......# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management ##启用该插件The following plugins have been enabled: mochiweb webmachine rabbitmq_web_dispatch amqp_client rabbitmq_management_agent rabbitmq_managementApplying plugin configuration to rabbit@openstack1... started 6 plugins.
浏览器输入http://localhost:15672，默认用户名密码都是guest。
10.安装并配置Memcached缓存服务【对认证服务进行缓存】(Controller Node)
# apt -y install memcached python-memcache# vim /etc/memcached.conf#-l 127.0.0.1-l 192.168.30.145# service memcached restart
二、配置 Keystone 认证服务(Controller Node)
1.创建 keystone 数据库
# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE keystone; ##创建 keystone 数据库##对 keystone 数据库授权[用户名@控制节点...BY 密码]MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'192.168.30.145' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'keystone';MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON keystone.* TO 'keystone'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'keystone';MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
2.安装并配置 Keystone
# apt -y install keystone# vim /etc/keystone/keystone.conf[database]---配置数据库访问[用户名:密码@控制节点]connection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@192.168.30.145/keystone[token]---配置Fernet UUID令牌的提供者provider = fernet# grep ^[a-z] /etc/keystone/keystone.confconnection = mysql+pymysql://keystone:keystone@192.168.30.145/keystoneprovider = fernet
3.初始化身份认证服务数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "keystone-manage db_sync" keystone
4.初始化Fernet keys
# keystone-manage fernet_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone# keystone-manage credential_setup --keystone-user keystone --keystone-group keystone
5.配置引导标识服务
# keystone-manage bootstrap --bootstrap-password qaz123 \ --bootstrap-admin-url http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3/ \ --bootstrap-internal-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-public-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3/ \ --bootstrap-region-id RegionOne
6.配置 HTTP 服务器
# vim /etc/apache2/apache2.confServerName controller# service apache2 restart ##重启Apache服务# service apache2 status# rm -f /var/lib/keystone/keystone.db ##删除默认的SQLite数据库
7.配置管理账户
# export OS_USERNAME=admin# export OS_PASSWORD=qaz123# export OS_PROJECT_NAME=admin# export OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Default# export OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Default# export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3# export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3
8.创建 service 项目
# openstack project create --domain default \ --description "Service Project" service+-------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+-------------+----------------------------------+| description | Service Project || domain_id | default || enabled | True || id | 945e37831e74484f8911fb742c925926 || is_domain | False || name | service || parent_id | default |+-------------+----------------------------------+
9.配置普通(非管理)任务项目和用户权限
a.创建 demo 项目
# openstack project create --domain default \ --description "Demo Project" demo+-------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+-------------+----------------------------------+| description | Demo Project || domain_id | default || enabled | True || id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 || is_domain | False || name | demo || parent_id | default |+-------------+----------------------------------+
b.创建 demo 用户
# openstack user create --domain default \ --password-prompt demoUser Password:Repeat User Password:+---------------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+---------------------+----------------------------------+| domain_id | default || enabled | True || id | 7cfc508fd5d44b468aac218bd4029bae || name | demo || options | {} || password_expires_at | None |+---------------------+----------------------------------+c.创建 user 角色
# openstack role create user+-----------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+-----------+----------------------------------+| domain_id | None || id | 83b6ab2af4414ad387b2fc9daf575b3a || name | user |+-----------+----------------------------------+
d.添加 user 角色到 demo 项目和用户
# openstack role add --project demo --user demo user
10.禁用临时身份验证令牌机制
# vim /etc/keystone/keystone-paste.ini[pipeline:public_api]# pipeline = admin_token_auth[pipeline:admin_api]# pipeline = admin_token_auth[pipeline:api_v3]# pipeline = admin_token_auth
11.重置 OS_AUTH_URL 和 OS_PASSWORD 环境变量
# unset OS_AUTH_URL OS_PASSWORD
12.使用 admin 用户，请求认证令牌(密码为admin用户密码)
# openstack --os-auth-url http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3 \ --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \ --os-project-name admin --os-username admin token issuePassword: +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+| Field | Value |+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+| expires | 2017-03-28T15:11:50+0000 || id | gAAAAABY2m8mE9pMATPuFW9YpgoBMTg9mCI6GcmFeQAudwbhGiVblXZP || | kmSmHc5aFwTZSIdjLzPJaMd1k16UZghj59v45Gvzdh6CLhSFGWPsT8rL || | fRJD4eE1D_eRz2Jjjk5rDmwAHm5mmffuszJLSe4B2KJyBXkdmmznXL-A || project_id | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe || user_id | 63ca263543fb4b02bb34410e3dc8a801 |+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
13.使用 demo 用户，请求认证令牌(密码为demo用户密码)
# openstack --os-auth-url http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3 \ --os-project-domain-name default --os-user-domain-name default \ --os-project-name demo --os-username demo token issuePassword: +------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+| Field | Value |+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+| expires | 2017-03-28T15:13:50+0000 || id | gAAAAABY2m-eSIWmQg1SyZFaiGcP2kjHf742ktr8YcVH3Q4aHKTflDJ || | RLAfgmeoDW2z1sbdHQmKQNSb--F-1Pn_hTFHYqgyMlIxYpEQxGhJ-rg || | b0EuxUT9opwl0m5onaA5Cv_MBX6awxeity8Gh2dc50NUeYela5Yl4uSG || project_id | 2ef20ce389eb499696f2d7497c6009b0 || user_id | 7cfc508fd5d44b468aac218bd4029bae |+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------+
14.创建脚本
a.创建并编辑文件 admin-openrc 并添加如下内容:
# vim admin-openrcexport OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Defaultexport OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Defaultexport OS_PROJECT_NAME=adminexport OS_USERNAME=adminexport OS_PASSWORD=qaz123export OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:35357/v3export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
b.创建并编辑文件 demo-openrc 并添加如下内容:
# vim demo-openrcexport OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME=Defaultexport OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME=Defaultexport OS_PROJECT_NAME=demoexport OS_USERNAME=demoexport OS_PASSWORD=demoexport OS_AUTH_URL=http://192.168.30.145:5000/v3export OS_IDENTITY_API_VERSION=3export OS_IMAGE_API_VERSION=2
15.使用脚本
a.加载脚本
# . admin-openrc
b.请求身份认证令牌
# openstack token issue +------------+----------------------------------------------------------+| Field | Value |+------------+----------------------------------------------------------+| expires | 2017-03-28T15:22:55+0000 || id | gAAAAABY2nG_diuPBMl66vJye3mV3S7CWZKesIiSnbicq5XddujfHhc3x|| | PHni3iHWPcTQAjHoIEMTvSH6yKOQ6Z74QL6hVbshqP1dJrRJ6xEa9WvIk|| | F7H5j7lPmM7ncfVvr9k96gLJ6Uhz38R5qRnHBWkxrlNsgw1jdnAjxf5e || project_id | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe || user_id | 63ca263543fb4b02bb34410e3dc8a801 |+------------+----------------------------------------------------------+
三、配置 Glance 镜像服务(Controller Node)
1.创建 glance 数据库
# mysqlMariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE glance; ##创建 glance 数据库##对 glance 数据库授权[用户名@控制节点...BY 密码]MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'192.168.30.145' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'glance';MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON glance.* TO 'glance'@'%' \ IDENTIFIED BY 'glance';MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
2.获取管理员访问权限
# . admin-openrc
3.创建服务证书
a.创建glance用户:
# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt glanceUser Password:Repeat User Password:+---------------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+---------------------+----------------------------------+| domain_id | default || enabled | True || id | 3edeaaae87e14811ac2c6767ab657d6b || name | glance || options | {} || password_expires_at | None |+---------------------+----------------------------------+b.添加 admin 角色到 glance 用户和 service 项目上:
# openstack role add --project service --user glance admin
c.创建"glance"服务实体:
# openstack service create --name glance \ --description "OpenStack Image" p_w_picpath+-------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+-------------+----------------------------------+| description | OpenStack Image || enabled | True || id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 || name | glance || type | p_w_picpath |+-------------+----------------------------------+
d.创建镜像服务的 API 端点:
# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ p_w_picpath public http://192.168.30.145:9292+--------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+--------------+----------------------------------+| enabled | True || id | ff6d9ed365cf4e7f8cc53d47e57cd46b || interface | public || region | RegionOne || region_id | RegionOne || service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 || service_name | glance || service_type | p_w_picpath || url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 |+--------------+----------------------------------+# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ p_w_picpath internal http://192.168.30.145:9292+--------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+--------------+----------------------------------+| enabled | True || id | 7408dd72bc1745758cdf23e136ef7392 || interface | internal || region | RegionOne || region_id | RegionOne || service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 || service_name | glance || service_type | p_w_picpath || url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 |+--------------+----------------------------------+# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \ p_w_picpath admin http://192.168.30.145:9292--------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+--------------+----------------------------------+| enabled | True || id | 8ed4e7e1a5834177b4ce1896c21e6cb9 || interface | admin || region | RegionOne || region_id | RegionOne || service_id | 22a0875ba92c4512989666f116ae1585 || service_name | glance || service_type | p_w_picpath || url | http://192.168.30.145:9292 |+--------------+----------------------------------+
4.安装并配置 Glance 组件
a.配置镜像API
# apt -y install glance# vim /etc/glance/glance-api.conf[database]---配置数据库访问[用户名:密码@控制节点]connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glance[keystone_authtoken]---配置身份服务访问auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceusername = glancepassword = glance[paste_deploy]flavor = keystone[glance_store]---配置本地文件系统存储和图像文件位置stores = file,httpdefault_store = filefilesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/p_w_picpaths/# grep ^[a-z] /etc/glance/glance-api.confsqlite_db = /var/lib/glance/glance.sqlitebackend = sqlalchemyconnection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glancestores = file,httpdefault_store = filefilesystem_store_datadir = /var/lib/glance/p_w_picpathsdisk_formats = ami,ari,aki,vhd,vhdx,vmdk,raw,qcow2,vdi,iso,ploop.root-tarauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceusername = glancepassword = glanceflavor = keystone
b.配置镜像注册服务
# vim /etc/glance/glance-registry.conf[database]---配置数据库访问[用户名:密码@控制节点]connection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glance[keystone_authtoken]---配置身份服务访问auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceusername = glancepassword = glance[paste_deploy]flavor = keystone# grep ^[a-z] /etc/glance/glance-registry.confsqlite_db = /var/lib/glance/glance.sqlitebackend = sqlalchemyconnection = mysql+pymysql://glance:glance@192.168.30.145/glanceauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceusername = glancepassword = glanceflavor = keystone
5.同步镜像服务数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "glance-manage db_sync" glance
6.重启服务
# service glance-registry restart# service glance-api restart# service glance-registry status# service glance-api status
7.验证操作
使用 CirrOS 对镜像服务进行验证
CirrOS是一个小型的Linux镜像，可以用来进行 OpenStack部署测试。
a.获取管理员权限
# . admin-openrc
b.下载源镜像
# wget http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.5/cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img
c.使用 QCOW2 磁盘格式， bare 容器格式上传镜像到镜像服务并设置公共可见
# openstack p_w_picpath create "cirros"\ --file cirros-0.3.5-x86_64-disk.img \ --disk-format qcow2 --container-format bare \ --public+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+| Field | Value |+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+| checksum | f8ab98ff5e73ebab884d80c9dc9c7290 || container_format | bare || created_at | 2017-03-29T05:57:56Z || disk_format | qcow2 || file | /v2/p_w_picpaths/4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898/file || id | 4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898 || min_disk | 0 || min_ram | 0 || name | cirros || owner | 2461396f6a344c21a2360a612d4f6abe || protected | False || schema | /v2/schemas/p_w_picpath || size | 13267968 || status | active || tags | || updated_at | 2017-03-29T05:57:56Z || virtual_size | None || visibility | public |+------------------+------------------------------------------------------+
d.确认镜像的上传并验证属性
# openstack p_w_picpath list+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+| ID | Name | Status |+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+| 4b6ebd57-80ab-4b79-8ecc-53a026f3e898 | cirros | active |+--------------------------------------+--------+--------+
五、配置 Neutron 网络服务【各节点皆要配置】
1.创建 neutron 数据库
# mysqlMariaDB [(none)] CREATE DATABASE neutron; ##创建 neutron 数据库##对 neutron 数据库授权[用户名@控制节点...BY 密码]MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'192.168.30.145' \\ IDENTIFIED BY 'neutron';MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON neutron.* TO 'neutron'@'%' \\ IDENTIFIED BY 'neutron';MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
2.获取管理员访问权限
# . admin-openrc
3.创建服务证书
a.创建 neutron 用户
# openstack user create --domain default --password-prompt neutronUser Password:Repeat User Password:+---------------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+---------------------+----------------------------------+| domain_id | default || enabled | True || id | 54cd9e72295c411090ea9f641cb02135 || name | neutron || options | {} || password_expires_at | None |+---------------------+----------------------------------+b.添加 admin 角色到 neutron 用户
# openstack role add --project service --user neutron admin
c.创建 neutron 服务实体
# openstack service create --name neutron \\ --description "OpenStack Networking" network+-------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+-------------+----------------------------------+| description | OpenStack Networking || enabled | True || id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 || name | neutron || type | network |+-------------+----------------------------------+
d.创建 neutron 服务API端点
# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network public http://192.168.30.145:9696+--------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+--------------+----------------------------------+| enabled | True || id | a9b1b5b8fbb842a8b14a9cecca7a58a8 || interface | public || region | RegionOne || region_id | RegionOne || service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 || service_name | neutron || service_type | network || url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 |+--------------+----------------------------------+ # openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network internal http://192.168.30.145:9696 +--------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+--------------+----------------------------------+| enabled | True || id | 61e2c14b0c8f4003a7099012e9a6331f || interface | internal || region | RegionOne || region_id | RegionOne || service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 || service_name | neutron || service_type | network || url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 |+--------------+----------------------------------+# openstack endpoint create --region RegionOne \\ network admin http://192.168.30.145:9696+--------------+----------------------------------+| Field | Value |+--------------+----------------------------------+| enabled | True || id | 6719539759c34487bd519c0dffb5509d || interface | admin || region | RegionOne || region_id | RegionOne || service_id | 720687745d354718862255a56d7aea46 || service_name | neutron || service_type | network || url | http://192.168.30.145:9696 |+--------------+----------------------------------+
4.配置网络类型2:私有网络
a.安装组件
# apt -y install neutron-server neutron-plugin-ml2 \\ neutron-linuxbridge-agent neutron-l3-agent neutron-dhcp-agent \\ neutron-metadata-agent
b.配置 Neutron 组件
# vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf[database]----配置数据库访问[用户名:密码@控制节点]#connection = sqlite:////var/lib/neutron/neutron.sqliteconnection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@192.168.30.145/neutron[DEFAULT]----启用ML2插件、路由器服务和overlapping IP addressescore_plugin = ml2service_plugins = routerallow_overlapping_ips = true [DEFAULT]----配置 RabbitMQ 消息队列访问[用户名:密码@控制节点]transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145[DEFAULT]----配置认证服务访问auth_strategy = keystone[keystone_authtoken]----配置认证服务访问auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceusername = neutronpassword = neutron [DEFAULT]----配置网络服务来通知计算节点的网络拓扑变化notify_nova_on_port_status_changes = truenotify_nova_on_port_data_changes = true[nova]----配置网络服务来通知计算节点的网络拓扑变化auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultregion_name = RegionOneproject_name = serviceusername = novapassword = nova# grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/neutron.conf auth_strategy = keystonecore_plugin = ml2service_plugins = routerallow_overlapping_ips = truenotify_nova_on_port_status_changes = truenotify_nova_on_port_data_changes = truetransport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145root_helper = sudo /usr/bin/neutron-rootwrap /etc/neutron/rootwrap.confconnection = mysql+pymysql://neutron:neutron@192.168.30.145/neutronauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceusername = neutronpassword = neutronregion_name = RegionOneauth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357auth_type = passwordpassword = novaproject_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceuser_domain_name = defaultusername = nova
c.配置 Modular Layer 2 (ML2) 插件
ML2插件使用Linuxbridge机制来为实例创建layer－2虚拟网络基础设施
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini[ml2]----启用flat，VLAN以及VXLAN网络type_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlan[ml2]----启用VXLAN私有网络tenant_network_types = vxlan[ml2]----启用Linuxbridge和layer－2机制mechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2population[ml2]----启用端口安全扩展驱动extension_drivers = port_security [ml2_type_flat]----配置公共虚拟网络为flat网络flat_networks = provider[ml2_type_vxlan]----为私有网络配置VXLAN网络识别的网络范围vni_ranges = 1:1000[securitygroup]----启用 ipset 增加安全组规则的高效性enable_ipset = true # grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.initype_drivers = flat,vlan,vxlantenant_network_types = vxlanmechanism_drivers = linuxbridge,l2populationextension_drivers = port_securityflat_networks = providervni_ranges = 1:1000enable_ipset = true
注:Linuxbridge代理只支持VXLAN覆盖网络
d.配置Linuxbridge代理
Linuxbridge代理为实例建立layer－2虚拟网络并且处理安全组规则
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini[linux_bridge]----对应公共虚拟网络和公共物理网络接口physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33[vxlan]----启用VXLAN覆盖网络，配置覆盖网络的物理网络接口的IP地址，并启用layer－2 populationenable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.145l2_population = true[securitygroup]----启用安全组并配置防火墙服务enable_security_group = truefirewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver# grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.iniphysical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriverenable_security_group = trueenable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.145l2_population = true
e.配置layer－3代理
Layer-3代理为私有虚拟网络提供路由和NAT服务
# vim /etc/neutron/l3_agent.ini[DEFAULT]----配置Linuxbridge接口驱动和外部网络网桥interface_driver = linuxbridge# grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/l3_agent.iniinterface_driver = linuxbridge
f.配置DHCP代理
DHCP代理为虚拟网络提供DHCP服务
# vim /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini [DEFAULT]----配置Linuxbridge驱动接口，DHCP驱动并启用隔离元数据interface_driver = linuxbridgedhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasqenable_isolated_metadata = true# grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/dhcp_agent.ini interface_driver = linuxbridgedhcp_driver = neutron.agent.linux.dhcp.Dnsmasqenable_isolated_metadata = true
g.配置元数据代理----负责提供配置信息
# vim /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini[DEFAULT]----配置元数据主机以及共享密码nova_metadata_ip = 192.168.30.145metadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123# grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/metadata_agent.ini nova_metadata_ip = 192.168.30.145metadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123
5.在控制节点上为计算节点配置网络服务
# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf[neutron]----配置访问参数，启用元数据代理并设置密码url = http://192.168.30.145:9696auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultregion_name = RegionOneproject_name = serviceusername = neutronpassword = neutronservice_metadata_proxy = truemetadata_proxy_shared_secret = qaz123# grep ^[a-z] /etc/nova/nova.conf
6.完成安装
a.同步数据库
# su -s /bin/sh -c "neutron-db-manage --config-file /etc/neutron/neutron.conf \\ --config-file /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/ml2_conf.ini upgrade head" neutron......OK
注:数据库的同步发生在 Networking 之后，因为脚本需要完成服务器和插件的配置文件
b.重启计算 API 服务
# service nova-api restart
c.重启 Networking 服务
对于两种网络类型:
# service neutron-server restart# service neutron-linuxbridge-agent restart# service neutron-dhcp-agent restart# service neutron-metadata-agent restart
对于网络类型 2 ，还需重启 L3 服务:
# service neutron-l3-agent restart
d.确认启动与否
# service nova-api status# service neutron-server status# service neutron-linuxbridge-agent status# service neutron-dhcp-agent status# service neutron-metadata-agent status# service neutron-l3-agent status
7.配置 Compute Node 的 Neutron 网络服务
# apt -y install neutron-linuxbridge-agent# vim /etc/neutron/neutron.conf[database]----计算节点不直接访问数据库#connection = sqlite:////var/lib/neutron/neutron.sqlite[DEFAULT]----配置 RabbitMQ 消息队列访问[用户名:密码@控制节点]transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145[DEFAULT]----配置认证服务访问auth_strategy = keystone[keystone_authtoken]----配置认证服务访问auth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceusername = neutronpassword = neutron# grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/neutron.conf auth_strategy = keystonecore_plugin = ml2transport_url = rabbit://openstack:openstack@192.168.30.145root_helper = sudo /usr/bin/neutron-rootwrap /etc/neutron/rootwrap.confauth_uri = http://192.168.30.145:5000auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357memcached_servers = 192.168.30.145:11211auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultproject_name = serviceusername = neutronpassword = neutron
8.为计算节点配置网络服务
# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf[neutron]----配置访问参数url = http://192.168.30.145:9696auth_url = http://192.168.30.145:35357auth_type = passwordproject_domain_name = defaultuser_domain_name = defaultregion_name = RegionOneproject_name = serviceusername = neutronpassword = neutron# grep ^[a-z] /etc/nova/nova.conf
9.完成安装
a.重启计算服务:
# service nova-compute restart# service nova-compute status
b.重启Linuxbridge代理:
# service neutron-linuxbridge-agent restart# service neutron-linuxbridge-agent status
10.在计算节点上配置网络类型2
配置Linuxbridge代理----为实例建立layer－2虚拟网络并且处理安全组规则
# vim /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini[linux_bridge]----对应公共虚拟网络和公共物理网络接口physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33[vxlan]----启用VXLAN覆盖网络，配置覆盖网络的物理网络接口的IP地址，启用layer－2 populationenable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.146l2_population = true[securitygroup]----启用安全组并配置firewall_driverenable_security_group = truefirewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriver# grep ^[a-z] /etc/neutron/plugins/ml2/linuxbridge_agent.ini physical_interface_mappings = provider:ens33firewall_driver = neutron.agent.linux.iptables_firewall.IptablesFirewallDriverenable_security_group = trueenable_vxlan = truelocal_ip = 192.168.30.146l2_population = true
11.在控制节点上验证操作
a.获取管理员权限
# . admin-openrc
b.列出加载的扩展来验证 neutron-server 进程是否正常启动
# openstack extension list --network+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+| Name | Alias | Description |+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+| Default Subnetpools | default-subnetpools | Provides ability to mark || | | and use a subnetpool as || | | the default || Network IP | network-ip- | Provides IP availability || Availability | availability | data for each network || | | and subnet. || Network Availability |network_availability_z| Availability zone || Zone | one | support for network. || Auto Allocated | auto-allocated- | Auto Allocated Topology || Topology Services | topology | Services. || Neutron L3 | ext-gw-mode | Extension of the router || Configurable external| | abstraction for || gateway mode | | specifying whether SNAT || | | should occur on the || | | external gateway || Port Binding | binding | Expose port bindings of || | | a virtual port to || | | external application || agent | agent | The agent management || | | extension. || Subnet Allocation | subnet_allocation | Enables allocation of || | | subnets from a subnet || | | pool || L3 Agent Scheduler | l3_agent_scheduler | Schedule routers among || | | l3 agents || Tag support | tag | Enables to set tag on || | | resources. || Neutron external | external-net | Adds external network || network | | attribute to network || | | resource. || Neutron Service | flavors | Flavor specification for || Flavors | | Neutron advanced || | | services || Network MTU | net-mtu | Provides MTU attribute || | | for a network resource. || Availability Zone | availability_zone | The availability zone || | | extension. || Quota management | quotas | Expose functions for || support | | quotas management per || | | tenant || HA Router extension | l3-ha | Add HA capability to || | | routers. || Provider Network | provider | Expose mapping of || | | virtual networks to || | | physical networks ||Multi Provider Network| multi-provider | Expose mapping of || | | virtual networks to || | | multiple physical || | | networks || Address scope | address-scope | Address scopes || | | extension. || Neutron Extra Route | extraroute | Extra routes || | | configuration for L3 || | | router || Subnet service types | subnet-service-types | Provides ability to set || | | the subnet service_types || | | field || Resource timestamps | standard-attr- | Adds created_at and || | timestamp | updated_at fields to all || | | Neutron resources that || | | have Neutron standard || | | attributes. || Neutron Service Type | service-type | API for retrieving || Management | | service providers for || | | Neutron advanced || | | services || Router Flavor | l3-flavors | Flavor support for || Extension | | routers. || Port Security | port-security | Provides port security || Neutron Extra DHCP | extra_dhcp_opt | Extra options || opts | | configuration for DHCP. || | | For example PXE boot || | | options to DHCP clients || | | can be specified (e.g. || | | tftp-server, server-ip- || | | address, bootfile-name) || Resource revision | standard-attr- | This extension will || numbers | revisions | display the revision || | | number of neutron || | | resources. || Pagination support | pagination | Extension that indicates || | | that pagination is || | | enabled. || Sorting support | sorting | Extension that indicates || | | that sorting is enabled. || security-group | security-group | The security groups || | | extension. || DHCP Agent Scheduler | dhcp_agent_scheduler | Schedule networks among || | | dhcp agents || Router Availability |router_availability_zo| Availability zone || Zone | ne | support for router. || RBAC Policies | rbac-policies | Allows creation and || | | modification of policies || | | that control tenant || | | access to resources. || Tag support for | tag-ext | Extends tag support to || resources: subnet, | | more L2 and L3 || subnetpool, port, | | resources. || router | | || standard-attr- | standard-attr- | Extension to add || description | description | descriptions to standard || | | attributes || Neutron L3 Router | router | Router abstraction for || | | basic L3 forwarding || | | between L2 Neutron || | | networks and access to || | | external networks via a || | | NAT gateway. || Allowed Address Pairs| allowed-address-pairs| Provides allowed address || | | pairs || project_id field | project-id | Extension that indicates || enabled | | that project_id field is || | | enabled. || Distributed Virtual | dvr | Enables configuration of || Router | | Distributed Virtual || | | Routers. |+----------------------+----------------------+--------------------------+
c.启动 neutron 代理验证是否成功
# neutron agent-list+--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+| id | agent_type | host | +--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------+| 23601054-312a-497c-b728-4b791ce76e64 | L3 agent | controller | | 9a7546d9-73ec-47e0-ab23-ca2a5366660f | Linux bridge agent | controller | | acd42d89-1af4-413f-be77-3172d38a805d | Metadata agent | controller | | b438ae93-aaf3-41f0-a7b7-d1502a1986c9 | DHCP agent | controller | | e1d32b6b-07c6-468b-965d-ce9dfd09b338 | Linux bridge agent | compute | +--------------------------------------+--------------------+------------++-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+| availability_zone | alive | admin_state_up | binary |+-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+| nova | :-) | True | neutron-l3-agent || | :-) | True | neutron-linuxbridge-agent || | :-) | True | neutron-metadata-agent || nova | :-) | True | neutron-dhcp-agent || | :-) | True | neutron-linuxbridge-agent |+-------------------+-------+----------------+---------------------------+
配置
服务
网络
数据
用户
数据库
密码
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镜像
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