MySQL高可用架构之MHA实践

千家信息网最后更新 2025年11月13日MySQL高可用架构之MHA实践本文主要是描述MHA高可用快速部署步骤以及简单使用命令
1、下载安装包
mha 依赖包： http://rpm.pbone.net/index.php3
perl-DBD-MySQL
perl-Config-Tiny
perl-Log-Dispatch
perl-Parallel-ForkManager
perl-Config-IniFiles
perl-MailTools
perl-Params-Validate
perl-TimeDate
perl-IO-stringy

cmake-2.8.12.2.tar.gz http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/7.5/general/cmake.html
DBD-mysql-4.033_02.tar.gz http://www.filewatcher.com/d/FreeBSD/distfiles/Other/DBD-mysql-4.018.tar.gz.133427.html
DBI-1.636.tar.gz http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/DBI/

mha rpm包安装： https://code.google.com/p/mysql-master-ha/
mha4mysql-manager-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
mha4mysql-node-0.56-0.el6.noarch.rpm
mha 源码安装： https://code.google.com/p/mysql-master-ha/
mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz
mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz
MySQL安装包：
percona-server-5.6.32-78.0.tar.gz https://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-Server-5.6/LATEST/

2、解压安装包
for i in `ls`; do tar -xzvf $i; tar -xvf $i; done
3、安装依赖包
配置本地yum源：
[root@node3 MHA]# mkdir /media/cdrom
[root@node3 MHA]# mount CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso /media/cdrom/ -o loop
[root@node3 MHA]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d/*.repo
[root@node3 MHA]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS6.repo
[Base]
name=CentOS6 ISO Base
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
依赖包检查安装：
yum install -y git scons gcc g++ gcc-c++ openssl check cmake bison libaio libboost-all-dev libasio-dev libaio-dev libncurses5-dev libreadline-dev libpam-dev ncurses-devel
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 autoconf automake zlib* fiex* libxml* ncurses-devel libmcrypt* libtool-ltdl-devel* make cmake
rpm -q git scons gcc g++ gcc-c++ openssl check cmake bison libaio libboost-all-dev libasio-dev libaio-dev libncurses5-dev libreadline-dev libpam-dev ncurses-devel

cmake安装：
[root@node3 MHA]# cd cmake-2.8.12.2
[root@node3 cmake-2.8.12.2]# ./bootstrap
[root@node3 cmake-2.8.12.2]# make -j 8
[root@node3 cmake-2.8.12.2]# make install
Perl工具安装；
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-Parallel-ForkManager-0.7.9-1.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-Config-Tiny-2.12-7.1.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-Params-Validate-0.95-5.9.x86_64.rpm
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-TimeDate-2.22-1.noarch.rpm
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-MailTools-2.04-4.el6.noarch.rpm （不是必须）
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-Convert-BinHex-1.119-4.el6.noarch.rpm --nodeps （不是必须）
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-List-MoreUtils-0.33-107.1.x86_64.rpm （不是必须）
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-IO-stringy-2.110-8.el6.noarch.rpm --nodeps （不是必须）
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-Config-IniFiles-2.72-2.el6.noarch.rpm --nodeps
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-Mail-Sender-0.8.16-3.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-Mail-Sendmail-0.79-12.el6.noarch.rpm
[root@node3 MHA]# rpm -ivh perl-Log-Dispatch-2.27-1.el6.noarch.rpm --nodeps
DBI安装：
[root@node3 MHA]# cd DBI-1.636
[root@node3 DBI-1.636]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@node3 DBI-1.636]# make -j 8
[root@node3 DBI-1.636]# make install
DBD安装：
[root@node3 MHA]# cd DBD-mysql-4.033_02
[root@node3 DBD-mysql-4.033_02]# perl Makefile.PL --mysql_config=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config
[root@node3 DBD-mysql-4.033_02]# make -j 8
[root@node3 DBD-mysql-4.033_02]# make install

4、MySQL安装和主从部署
Percona Server 5.6安装
[root@node3 MHA]# tar -xzvf percona-server-5.6.32-78.0.tar.gz
[root@node3 MHA]# useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin
[root@node3 MHA]# cd percona-server-5.6.32-78.0
[root@node3 percona-server-5.6.32-78.0]# cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_MYISAM_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_MEMORY_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data/ -DMYSQL_USER=mysql -DENABLE_DOWNLOADS=1 -DWITH_WSREP=1 -DWITH_EDITLINE=0
[root@node3 percona-server-5.6.32-78.0]# make -j 4
[root@node3 percona-server-5.6.32-78.0]# make install
初始化数据库：
[root@node3 MHA]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@node3 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/
[root@node3 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@node3 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@node3 mysql]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@node3 mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@node3 mysql]# vi ~/.bash_profile
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@node3 mysql]# source ~/.bash_profile
配置my.cnf
node1节点：
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
user=mysql
log-bin=mysql-binlog
binlog_format=ROW
server-id=1
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2


node2节点
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
user=mysql
log-bin=mysql-binlog
binlog_format=ROW
server-id=2
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

node3节点
[client]
socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
user=mysql
log-bin=mysql-binlog
binlog_format=ROW
server-id=3
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode=2

启动Node1数据库
[root@node1 mysql]# service mysqld start
清理MySQL无用账户
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user ='';
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user ='root' and host='::1';
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user ='root' and host='node1';
mysql> delete from mysql.user where user ='root' and host='127.0.0.1';
创建manager管理账号
mysql> GRANT SUPER,RELOAD,REPLICATION CLIENT,SELECT ON *.* TO manager@'10.x.x.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'manager';
mysql> GRANT CREATE,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,DROP ON*.* TO manager@'10.x.x.%';
创建主从复制账号
mysql> GRANT RELOAD, SUPER, REPLICATION SLAVE ON*.* TO 'replicat'@'10.x.x.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'backup';
mysql> flush privileges;
启动node2节点数据库
[root@node2 mysql]# service mysqld start
启动node3节点数据库
[root@node3 mysql]# service mysqld start
主从数据库复制搭建：
node1登陆MYSQL后执行
mysql> show master status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
File: mysql-binlog.000005
Position: 973
Binlog_Do_DB:
Binlog_Ignore_DB:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
node2登陆MYSQL后执行
mysql> change master to master_host='masterip',master_user='replicat',master_password='backup',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-binlog.000005',master_log_pos= 973;
mysql> start slave;
node3登陆MYSQL后执行
mysql> change master to master_host='masterip',master_user='replicat',master_password='backup',master_port=3306,master_log_file='mysql-binlog.000005',master_log_pos= 973;
mysql> start slave;

5、MHA安装和部署
node1为master节点，node2,node3为slave节点并且node3为manager节点
1）配置ssh对等性
node1
[root@node1 MHA]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
[root@node1 MHA]# vi ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
将node1,node2,node3的公钥文件id_rsa.pub内容放进去
node2
[root@node2 MHA]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
将node1的authorized_keys复制到/root/.ssh/下
node3
[root@node3 MHA]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
将node1的authorized_keys复制到/root/.ssh/下
通过ssh互相登陆验证，确保ssh登陆不需要输入密码。
需要配置/etc/hosts主机名和IP的解析
ip2 node2
ip3 node3
ip1 node1
2）node节点源码安装
node1
[root@node1 MHA]# tar -xzvf mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz
[root@node1 MHA]# cd mha4mysql-node-0.56
[root@node1 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@node1 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# make -j 8
[root@node1 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# make install


node2
[root@node2 MHA]# tar -xzvf mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz
[root@node2 MHA]# cd mha4mysql-node-0.56
[root@node2 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@node2 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# make -j 8
[root@node2 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# make install

node3
[root@node3 MHA]# tar -xzvf mha4mysql-node-0.56.tar.gz
[root@node3 MHA]# cd mha4mysql-node-0.56
[root@node3 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@node3 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# make -j 8
[root@node3 mha4mysql-node-0.56]# make install
3）manager节点源码安装
[root@node3 MHA]# tar -xzvf mha4mysql-manager-0.56.tar.gz
[root@node3 MHA]# cd mha4mysql-manager-0.56
[root@node3 mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# perl Makefile.PL
[root@node3 mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# make -j 8
[root@node3 mha4mysql-manager-0.56]# make install
4）manager节点配置MHA
[root@node3 MHA]# mkdir /etc/mha
[root@node3 MHA]# mkdir -p /usr/local/mha/log
[root@node3 MHA]# vi /etc/mha/manager.cnf

[server default]
manager_workdir=/usr/local/mha/log
manager_log=/usr/local/mha/log/manager.log

#ssh免密钥登录的帐号名
ssh_user=root
#mha管理账户
user=manager
password=manager
#mysql复制帐号，用来在主从机之间同步二进制日志等
repl_user=replicat
repl_password=backup
#ping间隔，用来检测master是否正常
ping_interval=1

[server1]
hostname=node1
ip=IP1
#master机宕掉后,优先启用这台作为新master
#candidate_master=1
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data

[server2]
hostname=node2
ip=IP2
candidate_master=1
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data


[server3]
hostname=node3
ip=IP3
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data

##在manager节点检查ssh连接正常与否
[root@node3 MHA]# masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf
5）启动manager
[root@node3 MHA]# nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf >/usr/local/mha/log/mha_manager.log 2>&1 &
6)检查manager状态
[root@node3 MHA]# masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf
7)关闭manager
[root@node3 MHA]# masterha_stop --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf

6、MHA日常管理

1）检查复制结构
masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf
2）检查MHA状态
masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf
3）启动MHA Manager
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf > /usr/local/mha/log/mha_manager.log 2>&1 &
4）手动在线切换
masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=node1 --new_master_port=3306 --orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000
5）手动故障切换
masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf --master_state=dead --dead_master_host=node1 --dead_master_port=3306 --new_master_host=node2 --new_master_port=3306 --ignore_last_failover
6）手动分步切换详细步骤
设置manager自动监控为关闭：masterha_stop --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf
设置node1节点masterdead:masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf --master_state=dead --dead_master_host=node1 设置node2节点为新master:masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=node2
非交互在线切换：masterha_master_switch --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=node2 --interactive=0


7、安装错误信息以及解决方案
1）报错信息01
[root@node3 MHA]# masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/manager.cnf..
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/manager.cnf..
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.56.
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/ServerManager.pm, ln301] Got MySQL error when connecting node3(x.x.x.x:3306) :1130:Host 'node3' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server, but this is not a MySQL crash. Check MySQL server settings.
at /usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/ServerManager.pm line 297
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/ServerManager.pm, ln301] Got MySQL error when connecting node2(x.x.x.x:3306) :1130:Host 'x.x.x.x' is not allowed to connect to this MySQL server, but this is not a MySQL crash. Check MySQL server settings.
at /usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/ServerManager.pm line 297
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/ServerManager.pm, ln301] Got MySQL error when connecting node1(x.x.x.x:3306) :1045:Access denied for user 'root'@'xx.xx.xx.xx' (using password: NO), but this is not a MySQL crash. Check MySQL server settings.
at /usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/ServerManager.pm line 297
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/ServerManager.pm, ln309] Got fatal error, stopping operations
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln424] Error happened on checking configurations. at /usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm line 326
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterMonitor.pm, ln523] Error happened on monitoring servers.
Sun Aug 21 10:19:11 2016 - [info] Got exit code 1 (Not master dead).

MySQL Replication Health is NOT OK!

解决方案：
需要在manager节点配置文件中加入mysql管理账户和密码，需要赋予SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, RELOAD, SUPER, REPLICATION CLIENT的权限
2）报错信息02

Tue Aug 23 14:10:51 2016 - [info] Checking MHA is not monitoring or doing failover..
Tue Aug 23 14:10:51 2016 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/MasterRotate.pm, ln142] Getting advisory lock failed on the current master. MHA Monitor runs on the current master. Stop MHA Manager/Monitor and try again.
Tue Aug 23 14:10:51 2016 - [error][/usr/local/share/perl5/MHA/ManagerUtil.pm, ln177] Got ERROR: at /usr/local/bin/masterha_master_switch line 53
解决方案：
做手动切换时，需要先关闭自动切换监控，
[root@node3 ~]# masterha_stop --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf
Stopped manager successfully.
[root@node3 ~]# masterha_master_switch --global_conf=/etc/mha/masterha_default.conf --conf=/etc/mha/manager.cnf --master_state=alive --new_master_host=node2 --new_master_port=3306 --orig_master_is_new_slave --running_updates_limit=10000


8、附录

1)MHA常用工具命令
--Manager工具
masterha_master_monitor #检测master是否宕机
masterha_master_switch #用于手动Master切换
masterha_manager #启动MHA监控
masterha_stop #停止MHA监控
masterha_check_status #检查MHA运行状态
masterha_check_ssh #检查各Node之间SSH登录是否正常
masterha_check_repl #检查mysql复制是否正常
masterha_secondary_check #检查多路由配置
masterha_conf_host #添加或删除配置的Server信息
--Node工具
save_binary_logs #保存和复制master的二进制日志
apply_diff_relay_logs #识别差异的中继日志事件并应用于其它Slave
filter_mysqlbinlog #去除不必要的Rollback事件（MHA已不再使用该工具）
purge_relay_logs #清除中继日志（不会阻塞SQL线程）
注：Node工具通常由Manager的脚本触发调用，无需手工调用
2)附录脚本
关闭relay log自动删除，定期进行清理
purge_relay_logs --user=root --password=xxx --disable_relay_log_purge --port=3306
多重检查防止网络单点故障
secondary_check_script=/etc/mha/masterha_secondary_check -s node2 -s mysql --user=root --master_host=node1 --master_ip=ip1 --master_port=3306
预防脑裂
shutdown_script =/etc/mha/power_manager