Oracle如何实现层次化查询
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Oracle层次化查询
(1) 树状模型
假如有一个市场模型，其中一级市场是中国，二级市场是省份，三级市场是各个省下面的市，四级市场是各个市下面的县。那么可以创建表market：
create table market(market_id number(2), market_name varchar2(10), parent_market_id number(2));
insert all
into market values(1, 'China', 0)
into market values(2, 'Shan Xi', 1)
into market values(3, 'Shan Dong', 1)
into market values(4, 'Fu Jian', 1)
into market values(5, 'Tai Yuan', 2)
into market values(6, 'Yang Quan', 2)
into market values(7, 'Qi Zhou', 2)
into market values(8, 'Qing Dao', 3)
into market values(9, 'Ji Nan', 3)
into market values(10, 'Yan Tai', 3)
into market values(11, 'Xia Men', 4)
into market values(12, 'Fu Zhou', 4)
into market values(13, 'Quan Zhou', 4)
into market values(14, 'Gu Jiao', 5)
into market values(15, 'Yang Qu', 5)
into market values(16, 'Qing Xu', 5)
select * from dual;
(2) 层次化查询
select market_id, market_name
from market
start with market_name = 'Shan Xi'
connect by prior market_id = parent_market_id;
MARKET_ID MARKET_NAME
---------- ------------------------------
2 Shan Xi
5 Tai Yuan
14 Gu Jiao
15 Yang Qu
16 Qing Xu
6 Yang Quan
7 Qi Zhou
7 rows selected.
这里的搜索规则为：从'Shan Xi'节点开始搜索、前一个节点的market_id等于下一个节点的parent_markket_id。
(3) 相关函数
显示搜索路径的函数为
sys_connect_by_path（列名，分隔符）
示例：
select market_id, market_name, sys_connect_by_path(market_name, '/') as market_path
from market
start with market_name = 'Gu Jiao'
connect by prior parent_market_id = market_id;
MARKET_ID MARKET_NAM MARKET_PATH
---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------
14 Gu Jiao /Gu Jiao
5 Tai Yuan /Gu Jiao/Tai Yuan
2 Shan Xi /Gu Jiao/Tai Yuan/Shan Xi
1 China /Gu Jiao/Tai Yuan/Shan Xi/China
这里可以利用max()函数来获得完整的路径：
select max(sys_connect_by_path(market_name, '/')) market_path
from market
start with market_name = 'Gu Jiao'
connect by prior parent_market_id = market_id;
MARKET_PATH
----------------------------------------
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