oracle 11g 手工冷备

查看数据库是否处于非归档模式

关闭数据库
shutdown immediate
备份控制文件和数据文件（没有备份日志文件，建议一起备份）

[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ lltotal 2014624-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 Jan 24 21:49 control01.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 Jan 24 21:49 control02.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 363077632 Jan 24 21:49 example01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 24 21:48 redo01.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 24 21:49 redo02.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 24 21:48 redo03.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 576724992 Jan 24 21:49 sysaux01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 807411712 Jan 24 21:49 system01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  30416896 Jan 24 21:48 temp01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 110108672 Jan 24 21:49 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 Jan 24 21:49 users01.dbf[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ cp *.dbf /home/oracle/bak/[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ cp *.ctl /home/oracle/bak/[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ 

启动数据库，并创建一个表，插入数据提交

startup  --启动数据库SYS@PROD> create table t4(id number);Table created.SYS@PROD> insert into t4 values(1);1 row created.SYS@PROD> commit;Commit complete.SYS@PROD> select * from t4;    ID----------     1SYS@PROD> 

关闭数据库，删除数据文件和控制文件

[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ rm -rf *.dbf[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ rm -rf *.ctl[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ lltotal 153612-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jan 24 21:56 redo01.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jan 24 21:57 redo02.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jan 24 21:56 redo03.log[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ 

启动数据库到nomount，说明参数文件没问题，到mount，找不到控制文件，使用操作系统命令拷贝控制文件再mount

SYS@PROD> startup nomount;ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  835104768 bytesFixed Size          2257840 bytesVariable Size         536874064 bytesDatabase Buffers      289406976 bytesRedo Buffers            6565888 bytesSYS@PROD> alter database mount;alter database mount*ERROR at line 1:ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more infoSYS@PROD> host[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ cp /home/oracle/bak/*.ctl ./[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ lltotal 172652-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  9748480 Jan 24 22:01 control01.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  9748480 Jan 24 22:01 control02.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jan 24 21:56 redo01.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jan 24 21:57 redo02.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 Jan 24 21:56 redo03.log[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ exitSYS@PROD> alter database mount;--可以到mount了，控制文件没问题了Database altered.SYS@PROD> SYS@PROD> alter database open;--找不到数据文件，alter database open*ERROR at line 1:ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace fileORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/system01.dbf'SYS@PROD> 

拷贝回数据文件

[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ cp /home/oracle/bak/*.dbf ./[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ lltotal 2014848-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 Jan 24 22:05 control01.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 Jan 24 22:05 control02.ctl-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 363077632 Jan 24 22:03 example01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 24 21:56 redo01.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 24 21:57 redo02.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 Jan 24 21:56 redo03.log-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 576724992 Jan 24 22:04 sysaux01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 807411712 Jan 24 22:05 system01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  30416896 Jan 24 22:05 temp01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 110108672 Jan 24 22:05 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  26222592 Jan 24 22:05 users01.dbf[oracle@enmoedu1 PROD]$ exitSYS@PROD> alter database open;alter database open*ERROR at line 1:ORA-03113: end-of-file on communication channelProcess ID: 2951Session ID: 125 Serial number: 3

发现报错了，因为我备份了控制文件和数据文件，然后开库新建了一个表，导致数据库的日志文件和控制文件的scn不一致了，查看alter日志

进入startup mount执行
recover database until cancel;
alter database open resetlogs;

startup mount --进入到mountSYS@PROD> recover database until cancel;--不完全恢复Media recovery complete.SYS@PROD> alter database open resetlogs;--重置日志Database altered.SYS@PROD> select open_mode from v$database;--数据库已经打开OPEN_MODE--------------------READ WRITESYS@PROD> select * from t4;--查询t4表，没有数据select * from t4              *ERROR at line 1:ORA-00942: table or view does not existSYS@PROD>