MySQL 5.7--------SSL连接最佳实战

1. 背景

* 在生产环境下，安全总是无法忽视的问题，数据库安全则是重中之重，因为所有的数据都存放在数据库中

* 当使用非加密方式连接MySQL数据库时，在网络中传输的所有信息都是明文的，可以被网络中所有人截取，敏感信息可能被泄露。在传送敏感信息（如密码）时，可以采用SSL连接的方式。

* 版本小于5.7.6时按照 MySQL 5.6 SSL配置的方式进行。

2. MySQL 连接方式

* socket连接

* TCP非SSL连接

* SSL安全连接

* SSL + 密码连接 [version > MySQL 5.7.5]

　　 * SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接

3. SSL 简介

* SSL指的是SSL/TLS，其是一种为了在计算机网络进行安全通信的加密协议。假设用户的传输不是通过SSL的方式，那么其在网络中以明文的方式进行传输，而这给别有用心的人带来了可乘之机。所以，现在很多网站其实默认已经开启了SSL功能，比如Facebook、Twtter、YouTube、淘宝等。

4. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]

* system 环境

[root@MySQL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS release 6.9 (Final)[root@MySQL ~]# uname -r2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64[root@MySQL ~]# getenforce Disabled

* MySQL 环境 [ MySQL 5.7安装前面篇章已做详细介绍 ]

have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为DISABLED表示ssl未开启

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -p'123'mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 6Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> select version();+-----------+| version() |+-----------+| 5.7.18    |+-----------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%';+---------------+----------+| Variable_name | Value    |+---------------+----------+| have_openssl  | DISABLED || have_ssl      | DISABLED |+---------------+----------+2 rows in set (0.02 sec)mysql> show variables like 'port';+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| port          | 3306  |+---------------+-------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)mysql> show variables like 'datadir';+---------------+-------------------+| Variable_name | Value             |+---------------+-------------------+| datadir       | /data/mysql_data/ |+---------------+-------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)

5. SSL配置

* 利用自带工具生成SSL相关文件

[root@MySQL ~]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=/data/mysql_dataGenerating a 2048 bit RSA private key..........................................................................+++.....+++writing new private key to 'ca-key.pem'-----Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key.......................................................................................................................................................................+++...+++writing new private key to 'server-key.pem'-----Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key.....................+++...........................................+++writing new private key to 'client-key.pem'-----

* 查看生成的SSL文件

[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem-rw------- 1 root root 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem-rw------- 1 root root 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem

* 修改数据目录下生成的SSL文件所属用户与权限

[root@MySQL ~]# chown -v mysql.mysql /data/mysql_data/*.pemchanged ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem' to mysql:mysqlchanged ownership of `/data/mysql_data/ca.pem' to mysql:mysqlchanged ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem' to mysql:mysqlchanged ownership of `/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem' to mysql:mysqlchanged ownership of `/data/mysql_data/private_key.pem' to mysql:mysqlchanged ownership of `/data/mysql_data/public_key.pem' to mysql:mysqlchanged ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem' to mysql:mysqlchanged ownership of `/data/mysql_data/server-key.pem' to mysql:mysql

* 查看生成的SSL文件

[root@MySQL ~]# ls -l /data/mysql_data/*.pem-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1679 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca-key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1074 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/ca.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/client-key.pem-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/private_key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql  451 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/public_key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1078 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-cert.pem-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1675 Jun 24 20:54 /data/mysql_data/server-key.pem

* 重启 MySQL 服务

[root@MySQL ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restartShutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!

* 连接MySQL 查看SSL开启状态

have_openssl 与 have_ssl 值都为YES表示ssl开启成功

mysql> show variables like 'have%ssl%';+---------------+-------+| Variable_name | Value |+---------------+-------+| have_openssl  | YES   || have_ssl      | YES   |+---------------+-------+2 rows in set (0.03 sec)

6. SSL + 密码连接测试

* 创建用户并指定 SSL 连接 [ MySQL 5.7后推荐使用create user 方式创建用户 ]

mysql> create user 'ssl_test'@'%' identified by '123' require SSL;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 通过密码连接测试 [ 默认采用SSL连接，需要指定不使用SSL连接 ]

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123' --ssl=0mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'ssl_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码 连接测试

SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过SSL连接

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -ussl_test -p'123'  --sslmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.WARNING: --ssl is deprecated and will be removed in a future version. Use --ssl-mode instead.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 12Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> \s--------------mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:             12Current database:  Current user:              ssl_test@192.168.60.129SSL:                    Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHACurrent pager:             stdoutUsing outfile:             ''Using delimiter:   ;Server version:            5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version:  10Connection:             192.168.60.129 via TCP/IPServer characterset:       latin1Db     characterset:   latin1Client characterset:       utf8Conn.  characterset:  utf8TCP port:          3306Uptime:                 7 min 34 secThreads: 1  Questions: 29  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 112  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 105  Queries per second avg: 0.063--------------

7. SSL + 密码 + 密钥连接

* 创建用户并指定 X509 [ SSL+密钥 ] 连接 [ MySQL 5.7后推荐使用create user 方式创建用户 ]

mysql> create user 'X509_test'@'%' identified by '123' require X509;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

* 通过密码连接测试

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl=0mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL +密码 连接测试

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --sslmysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'X509_test'@'192.168.60.129' (using password: YES)

* 通过 SSL + 密码＋密钥连接测试

　 SSL: Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA 表示通过SSL连接

[root@MySQL ~]# mysql -h 192.168.60.129 -uX509_test -p'123' --ssl-cert=/data/mysql_data/client-cert.pem --ssl-key=/data/mysql_data/client-key.pem mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.Your MySQL connection id is 21Server version: 5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or itsaffiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respectiveowners.Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.mysql> \s--------------mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.18, for linux-glibc2.5 (x86_64) using  EditLine wrapperConnection id:             21Current database:  Current user:              X509_test@192.168.60.129SSL:                    Cipher in use is DHE-RSA-AES256-SHACurrent pager:             stdoutUsing outfile:             ''Using delimiter:   ;Server version:            5.7.18 MySQL Community Server (GPL)Protocol version:  10Connection:             192.168.60.129 via TCP/IPServer characterset:       latin1Db     characterset:   latin1Client characterset:       utf8Conn.  characterset:  utf8TCP port:          3306Uptime:                 18 min 27 secThreads: 1  Questions: 40  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 118  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 111  Queries per second avg: 0.036--------------

8. 总结

以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。