提升Oracle用户密码安全性的策略

环境：Oracle 11.2.0.4

客户需求：主要背景是数据库中有很多业务用户名，且由于部分用户缺乏安全意识，甚至直接将自己的密码设置为和用户名一样，目前客户期望密码设置不要过于简单，最起码别和用户名一致或相似就好。

1.官方解决方案

实际上Oracle提供有一个非常好用的安全校验函数，来提升用户密码的复杂性。这个在之前的文章《Oracle 11g 安全加固》中的"1.8.数据库密码安全性校验函数"章节就已经有了确切的解决方案,核心内容如下：

select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';prompt =============================prompt == 8.数据库密码安全性校验函数 prompt =============================prompt 执行创建安全性校验函数的脚本@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg.sql select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';

2.删减版解决方案

上面这个自带的安全性校验函数对检查过于严苛，而客户目前的需求就只有一个，不允许密码和用户名完全一样或过于相似就可以了。于是乎，我就从这个脚本中找到这项需求，把其他暂时不需要的部分全部去掉。这样，就得到了如下的删减版脚本：

RemRem $Header: rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg1.sql /st_rdbms_11.2.0/1 2013/01/31 01:34:11 skayoor Exp $RemRem utlpwdmg.sqlRemRem Copyright (c) 2006, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Rem All rights reserved. RemRem NAMERem  utlpwdmg.sql - script for Default Password Resource LimitsRemRem DESCRIPTIONRem  This is a script for enabling the password management featuresRem  by setting the default password resource limits.RemRem NOTESRem  This file contains a function for minimum checking of passwordRem  complexity. This is more of a sample function that the customerRem  can use to develop the function for actual complexity checks that the Rem  customer wants to make on the new password.RemRem MODIFIED (MM/DD/YY)Rem skayoor  01/17/13 - Backport skayoor_bug-14671375 from mainRem asurpur  05/30/06 - fix - 5246666 beef up password complexity check Rem nireland 08/31/00 - Improve check for username=password. #1390553Rem nireland 06/28/00 - Fix null old password test. #1341892Rem asurpur  04/17/97 - Fix for bug479763Rem asurpur  12/12/96 - Changing the name of password_verify_functionRem asurpur  05/30/96 - Newscript for default password managementRem asurpur  05/30/96 - CreatedRem-- This script sets the default password resource parameters-- This script needs to be run to enable the password features.-- However the default resource parameters can be changed based -- on the need.-- A default password complexity function is also provided.-- This function makes the minimum complexity checks like-- the minimum length of the password, password not same as the-- username, etc. The user may enhance this function according to-- the need.-- This function must be created in SYS schema.-- connect sys/ as sysdba before running the scriptCREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION verify_function_11G_WJZYY(username varchar2, password varchar2, old_password varchar2) RETURN boolean IS  n boolean; m integer; differ integer; isdigit boolean; ischar boolean; ispunct boolean; db_name varchar2(40); digitarray varchar2(20); punctarray varchar2(25); chararray varchar2(52); i_char varchar2(10); simple_password varchar2(10); reverse_user varchar2(32);BEGIN  digitarray:= '0123456789'; chararray:= 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'; -- Check if the password is same as the username or username(1-100) IF NLS_LOWER(password) = NLS_LOWER(username) THEN  raise_application_error(-20002, 'Password same as or similar to user'); END IF; FOR i IN 1..100 LOOP  i_char := to_char(i);  if NLS_LOWER(username)|| i_char = NLS_LOWER(password) THEN  raise_application_error(-20005, 'Password same as or similar to user name ');  END IF; END LOOP; -- Everything is fine; return TRUE ;  RETURN(TRUE);END;/GRANT EXECUTE ON verify_function_11G_WJZYY TO PUBLIC;-- This script alters the default parameters for Password Management-- This means that all the users on the system have Password Management-- enabled and set to the following values unless another profile is -- created with parameter values set to different value or UNLIMITED -- is created and assigned to the user.ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMITPASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 180PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function_11G_WJZYY;

我们将这个脚本，遵守之前Oracle的命名方式，将其命名为utlpwdmg1.sql，放在同样的路径下。

这样，我们执行这个脚本就可以创建这个校验函数：

3.测试验证方案

将上面的删减版脚本进行测试并验证功能是否实现：

--执行脚本创建校验函数@?/rdbms/admin/utlpwdmg1.sql--确认执行成功select limit from dba_profiles where profile='DEFAULT' and resource_name='PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION';--将PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME修改为30（选做）ALTER PROFILE DEFAULT LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 30;--查询dba_profiles内容select * from dba_profiles order by 1;--查询用户状态和过期时间select USERNAME, PASSWORD, ACCOUNT_STATUS, LOCK_DATE, EXPIRY_DATE from dba_users;

测试用户密码不能与用户名相同或者相似，否则会修改失败：

--密码与用户名一样，修改失败：SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by jingyu;alter user jingyu identified by jingyu*ERROR at line 1:ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failedORA-20002: Password same as or similar to user--密码与用户名相似，修改失败：SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by jingyu1;alter user jingyu identified by jingyu1*ERROR at line 1:ORA-28003: password verification for the specified password failedORA-20005: Password same as or similar to user name--密码与用户名不一致，修改成功：SYS@jyzhao1 >alter user jingyu identified by alfred;User altered.

4.用户最近一次的登录时间

11g默认开启了审计，从aud$表中可以查到用户最近登录的时间：

--查询数据库时区select property_value from database_properties where property_name='DBTIMEZONE';--查询aud$表select MAX(to_char(a.ntimestamp#, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')) last_login,  u.username from sys.aud$ a, dba_users u where a.USERID(+) = u.username and u.user_id > 90 group by u.username ORDER BY 1;

结果示例：

SYS@jyzhao1 >select MAX(to_char(a.ntimestamp#, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')) last_login, 2   u.username 3 from sys.aud$ a, dba_users u 4 where a.USERID(+) = u.username 5  and u.user_id > 90 6 group by u.username 7 ORDER BY 1;LAST_LOGIN   USERNAME------------------- ------------------------------2018-04-17 07:16:46 JINGYU     TESTTESTTEST     XS$NULLSYS@jyzhao1 >

上述查询结果LAST_LOGIN为空的用户，就是在审计中没有记录到该用户的登录信息。

总结

以上所述是小编给大家介绍的提升Oracle用户密码安全性的策略，希望对大家有所帮助，如果大家有任何疑问请给我留言，小编会及时回复大家的。在此也非常感谢大家对网站的支持！