Linux下误删文件应急恢复

千家信息网最后更新 2026年10月31日Linux下误删文件应急恢复Linux下误删文件应急恢复 维护中难免遇到状态不好的时候或者新人操作不当，一个rm -f *删除了大量的文件，导致生产重大故障，这个时候我们需要考虑文件恢复，为了能够应对这种情况，在这里讨论一个网上常用的恢复工具：extundelete，该工具支持ext3或者ext4. 1 安装 首先安装好准备包： [root@redhat1 home]# yum install e2fs* --安装extundelete软件的依赖包 [root@redhat1 home]# rpm -aq |grep e2fs --检查软件包是否安装 e2fsprogs-devel-1.41.12-14.el6.i686 e2fsprogs-libs-1.41.12-14.el6.i686 e2fsprogs-1.41.12-14.el6.i686 确认gcc编译工具齐全 gcc+ 开始安装 tar xvf extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2 . /configure make make install 2 使用方法 root@localhost bin]# ./extundelete No action specified; implying --superblock. ./extundelete: Missing device name. Usage: ./extundelete [options] [--] device-file Options: --version, -[vV] Print version and exit successfully. --help, Print this help and exit successfully. --superblock Print contents of superblock in addition to the rest. If no action is specified then this option is implied. --journal Show content of journal. --after dtime Only process entries deleted on or after 'dtime'.根据时间点恢复之后的文件。 --before dtime Only process entries deleted before 'dtime'.根据时间点恢复之前的。 Actions: --inode ino Show info on inode 'ino'. --block blk Show info on block 'blk'. --restore-inode ino[,ino,...] Restore the file(s) with known inode number 'ino'. The restored files are created in ./RECOVERED_FILES with their inode number as extension (ie, file.12345). --restore-file 'path' Will restore file 'path'. 'path' is relative to root of the partition and does not start with a '/' The restored file is created in the current directory as 'RECOVERED_FILES/path'. --restore-files 'path' Will restore files which are listed in the file 'path'. Each filename should be in the same format as an option to --restore-file, and there should be one per line. --restore-directory 'path' Will restore directory 'path'. 'path' is relative to the root directory of the file system. The restored directory is created in the output directory as 'path'. --restore-all Attempts to restore everything. -j journal Reads an external journal from the named file. -b blocknumber Uses the backup superblock at blocknumber when opening the file system. -B blocksize Uses blocksize as the block size when opening the file system. The number should be the number of bytes. --log 0 Make the program silent. --log filename Logs all messages to filename. --log D1=0,D2=filename Custom control of log messages with comma-separated Examples below: list of options. Dn must be one of info, warn, or --log info,error error. Omission of the '=name' results in messages --log warn=0 with the specified level to be logged to the console. --log error=filename If the parameter is '=0', logging for the specified level will be turned off. If the parameter is '=filename', messages with that level will be written to filename. -o directory Save the recovered files to the named directory. The restored files are created in a directory named 'RECOVERED_FILES/' by default. ./extundelete: Error parsing command-line options. 3 实验恢复 创建目录 /boot/test 创建测试文件 [root@localhost test]# ls -rlt total 12 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111112.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111111.txt -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 24 Oct 9 17:11 1111111111111113.txt 删除文件 rm -rf * 4 恢复 cd /usr/local/bin/ 查看可恢复的文件和目录。 ./extundelete /dev/sda1 --ls --inode 2 直接恢复文件到当前目录。 ./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-all 查看当前目录：RECOVERED_FILES 就可以看到删除的文件。 直接恢复指定的文件 ./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-file vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 直接恢复制定的文件夹 ./extundelete /dev/sda1 --restore-directory test 网上可参考学习 https://my.oschina.net/fufangchun/blog/176550