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zabbix上怎么对mysql数据库做分区表

发表于：2026-10-31 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2026年10月31日，本篇内容介绍了"zabbix上怎么对mysql数据库做分区表"的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有

千家信息网最后更新 2026年10月31日zabbix上怎么对mysql数据库做分区表

本篇内容介绍了"zabbix上怎么对mysql数据库做分区表"的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！

独立表空间设置：

innodb_file_per_table=1

修改表索引：

zabbix3.2以上版本跳过此步骤

mysql> Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.49 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);

Query OK, 0 rows affected (2.71 sec)

Records: 0 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql>

创建存储过程：

增加分区的存储过程：

DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_create`(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)BEGIN        /*           SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes           TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete           PARTITIONNAME = The name of the partition to create        */        /*           Verify that the partition does not already exist        */        DECLARE RETROWS INT;        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS        FROM information_schema.partitions        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;        IF RETROWS = 0 THEN                /*                   1. Print a message indicating that a partition was created.                   2. Create the SQL to create the partition.                   3. Execute the SQL from #2.                */                SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;                SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );                PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;                EXECUTE STMT;                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;        END IF;END$$DELIMITER ;

删除分区的存储过程：

DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_drop`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)BEGIN        /*           SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes           TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete           DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)        */        DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;        DECLARE drop_part_name VARCHAR(16);        /*           Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date           in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with           a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.        */        DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR                SELECT partition_name                FROM information_schema.partitions                WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND CAST(SUBSTRING(partition_name FROM 2) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;        DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;        /*           Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create           @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that           should be deleted.        */        SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");        SET @drop_partitions = "";        /*           Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.        */        OPEN myCursor;        read_loop: LOOP                FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;                IF done THEN                        LEAVE read_loop;                END IF;                SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));        END LOOP;        IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN                /*                   1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.                   2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.                   3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.                */                SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");                PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;                EXECUTE STMT;                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;                SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;        ELSE                /*                   No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate                   that no changes were made.                */                SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;        END IF;END$$DELIMITER ;

维护分区的存储过程：

DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32), TABLE_NAME VARCHAR(32), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)BEGIN        DECLARE OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(16);        DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);        DECLARE OLD_PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);        DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;        DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;        CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);        SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));        SET @__interval = 1;        create_loop: LOOP                IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN                        LEAVE create_loop;                END IF;                SET LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP = CUR_TIME + (HOURLY_INTERVAL * @__interval * 3600);                SET PARTITION_NAME = FROM_UNIXTIME(CUR_TIME + HOURLY_INTERVAL * (@__interval - 1) * 3600, 'p%Y%m%d%H00');                IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN                        CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);                END IF;                SET @__interval=@__interval+1;                SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;        END LOOP;        SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');        CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);END$$DELIMITER ;

检查分区、创建第一个分区的存储过程：

DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_verify`(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))BEGIN        DECLARE PARTITION_NAME VARCHAR(16);        DECLARE RETROWS INT(11);        DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;        /*         * Check if any partitions exist for the given SCHEMANAME.TABLENAME.         */        SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWS        FROM information_schema.partitions        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;        /*         * If partitions do not exist, go ahead and partition the table         */        IF RETROWS = 1 THEN                /*                 * Take the current date at 00:00:00 and add HOURLYINTERVAL to it.  This is the timestamp below which we will store values.                 * We begin partitioning based on the beginning of a day.  This is because we don't want to generate a random partition                 * that won't necessarily fall in line with the desired partition naming (ie: if the hour interval is 24 hours, we could                 * end up creating a partition now named "p201403270600" when all other partitions will be like "p201403280000").                 */                SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));                SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');                -- Create the partitioning query                SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");                SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");                -- Run the partitioning query                PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;                EXECUTE STMT;                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;        END IF;END$$DELIMITER ;

将上面4个存储过程语句写到一个sql文件里，partition_call.sql

执行：mysql -uzabbix -p'zabbix' zabbix < partition_call.sql

使用存储过程：

mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('', '', , , )

zabbix_db_name：库名

table_name：表名

days_to_keep_data：保存多少天的数据

hourly_interval：每隔多久生成一个分区

num_future_intervals_to_create：本次一共生成多少个分区

例如：

mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('zabbix', 'history', 7, 24, 7);

这个例子就是history表最多保存7天的数据，每隔24小时生成一个分区，这次一共生成7个分区

统一调用存储过程：

DELIMITER $$CREATE PROCEDURE `partition_maintenance_all`(SCHEMA_NAME VARCHAR(32))BEGIN                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history', 28, 24, 14);                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_log', 28, 24, 14);                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_str', 28, 24, 14);                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_text', 28, 24, 14);                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'history_uint', 28, 24, 14);                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends', 730, 24, 14);                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, 'trends_uint', 730, 24, 14);END$$DELIMITER ;

将这条语句保存成sql文件 partition_all.sql，再次导入存储过程

mysql -uzabbix -p'zabbix' zabbix < partition_all.sql

计划任务每天调用一次：

注意：

若数据量比较大，首次执行的时间较长，请使用nohup执行（我当时执行了15个小时左右，这期间zabbix是无法正常工作的，获取的agent数据不展示,但数据不会丢失）

nohup time mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');" &> /tmp/file.txt &

后面只需要调用这个存储过程就可以了，每天执行一次：

mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

写成crontab:

# crontab -e

0 1 * * * /data/tools/mysql/bin/mysql -uzabbix -pzabbix zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

执行脚本：

mysql> CALL partition_maintenance('zabbix', 'history', 28, 24, 14);+-----------------------------------------------------------+| msg                                                       |+-----------------------------------------------------------+| partition_create(zabbix,history,p201404160000,1397718000) |+-----------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.39 sec)+-----------------------------------------------------------+| msg                                                       |+-----------------------------------------------------------+| partition_create(zabbix,history,p201404170000,1397804400) |+-----------------------------------------------------------+1 row in set (0.51 sec)

mysql> CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');+----------------+--------------------+| table          | partitions_deleted |+----------------+--------------------+| zabbix.history | N/A                |+----------------+--------------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)............+--------------------+--------------------+| table              | partitions_deleted |+--------------------+--------------------+| zabbix.trends_uint | N/A                |+--------------------+--------------------+1 row in set (22.85 sec)Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (22.85 sec)

[root@hk-zabbix ~]# mysql -uzabbix -p'zabbix' zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.

+-----------------------------------------------------------+

| msg |

+-----------------------------------------------------------+

| partition_create(zabbix,history,p201811080000,1541692800) |

+-----------------------------------------------------------+

| msg |

+-----------------------------------------------------------+

| partition_create(zabbix,history,p201811090000,1541779200) |

关闭housekeeping:

完成。