zabbix db partition

千家信息网最后更新 2025年12月05日zabbix db partition在做zabbix的性能优化时，有时候在db的数据量比较大的时候，需要对表进行partition操作，这样可以在数据查询减少用时。并且由于使用了partition，我们可以自己实现历史数据的删除操作，这样就可以禁用zabbix的housekeeping功能。
简单的说下再2.0.x版本的zabbix中进行partition的操作：1.备份数据，如果使用proxy的结构的话，调整ProxyOfflineBuffer,加大数据在offline情况的缓存时间，这样在partition调整完后数据会自动补充。

确定需要partition的表，并更改表结构（使用clock进行parttition，partition key必须是primarykey的一部分），涉及的表主要是存储历史相关数据的表：history,history_uint,history_text,history_log,history_str

表结构更改：

ALTER TABLE `history_log` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY (`itemid`,`id`,`clock`);ALTER TABLE `history_log` DROP KEY `history_log_2`;ALTER TABLE `history_text` DROP PRIMARY KEY, ADD PRIMARY KEY (`itemid`,`id`,`clock`);ALTER TABLE `history_text` DROP KEY `history_text_2`;

剩下的history_str,history,history_uint 3个表不需要做更改。

2.按clock进行分区

例子：

ALTER TABLE `history_uint` PARTITION BY RANGE( clock ) (PARTITION p20140101 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2014-01-02 00:00:00")),PARTITION p20140102 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2014-01-03 00:00:00")),PARTITION p20140103 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2014-01-04 00:00:00")),PARTITION p20140104 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2014-01-05 00:00:00")),PARTITION p20140105 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2014-01-06 00:00:00")),PARTITION p20140106 VALUES LESS THAN (UNIX_TIMESTAMP("2014-01-07 00:00:00")));

把需要分区的表都进行相同的操作。3.设置存储规则，并使用cronjob来实现自动partition操作

mysql -u xxx -pxxx xxx < ./partition.sql

其中partition.sql的内容如下：

DELIMITER //DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix_server`.`create_zabbix_partitions` //CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix_server`.`create_zabbix_partitions` ()BEGINCALL zabbix_server.create_next_partitions("zabbix_server","history");CALL zabbix_server.create_next_partitions("zabbix_server","history_log");CALL zabbix_server.create_next_partitions("zabbix_server","history_str");CALL zabbix_server.create_next_partitions("zabbix_server","history_text");CALL zabbix_server.create_next_partitions("zabbix_server","history_uint");CALL zabbix_server.drop_old_partitions("zabbix_server","history");CALL zabbix_server.drop_old_partitions("zabbix_server","history_log");CALL zabbix_server.drop_old_partitions("zabbix_server","history_str");CALL zabbix_server.drop_old_partitions("zabbix_server","history_text");CALL zabbix_server.drop_old_partitions("zabbix_server","history_uint");END //DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix_server`.`create_next_partitions` //CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix_server`.`create_next_partitions` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64))BEGINDECLARE NEXTCLOCK timestamp;DECLARE PARTITIONNAME varchar(16);DECLARE CLOCK int;SET @totaldays = 7;SET @i = 1;createloop: LOOPSET NEXTCLOCK = DATE_ADD(NOW(),INTERVAL @i DAY);SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT( NEXTCLOCK, 'p%Y%m%d' );SET CLOCK = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(DATE_ADD( NEXTCLOCK ,INTERVAL 1 DAY),'%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));CALL zabbix_server.create_partition( SCHEMANAME, TABLENAME, PARTITIONNAME, CLOCK );SET @i=@i+1;IF @i > @totaldays THENLEAVE createloop;END IF;END LOOP;END //DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix_server`.`drop_old_partitions` //CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix_server`.`drop_old_partitions` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64))BEGINDECLARE OLDCLOCK timestamp;DECLARE PARTITIONNAME varchar(16);DECLARE CLOCK int;SET @mindays = 30;SET @maxdays = @mindays+4;SET @i = @maxdays;droploop: LOOPSET OLDCLOCK = DATE_SUB(NOW(),INTERVAL @i DAY);SET PARTITIONNAME = DATE_FORMAT( OLDCLOCK, 'p%Y%m%d' );CALL zabbix_server.drop_partition( SCHEMANAME, TABLENAME, PARTITIONNAME );SET @i=@i-1;IF @i <= @mindays THENLEAVE droploop;END IF;END LOOP;END //DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix_server`.`create_partition` //CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix_server`.`create_partition` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)BEGINDECLARE RETROWS int;SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWSFROM `information_schema`.`partitions`WHERE `table_schema` = SCHEMANAME AND `table_name` = TABLENAME AND `partition_name` = PARTITIONNAME;                                     IF RETROWS = 0 THENSELECT CONCAT( "create_partition(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `', SCHEMANAME, '`.`', TABLENAME, '`',' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;EXECUTE STMT;DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;END IF;END //DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `zabbix_server`.`drop_partition` //CREATE PROCEDURE `zabbix_server`.`drop_partition` (SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64))BEGINDECLARE RETROWS int;SELECT COUNT(1) INTO RETROWSFROM `information_schema`.`partitions`WHERE `table_schema` = SCHEMANAME AND `table_name` = TABLENAME AND `partition_name` = PARTITIONNAME;                                     IF RETROWS = 1 THENSELECT CONCAT( "drop_partition(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ")" ) AS msg;SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE `', SCHEMANAME, '`.`', TABLENAME, '`',' DROP PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ';' );PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;EXECUTE STMT;DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;END IF;END //DELIMITER ;

查看存储过程：

select name from mysql.proc;show create procedure create_partition;

cronjob形式的调用：

mysql  -B -xxx -pxxx xxx -e "CALL create_zabbix_partitions();"

4.测试partition的结果：1)查看表结构

CREATE TABLE `history` (  `itemid` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL,  `clock` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',  `value` double(16,4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0.0000',  `ns` int(11) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',  KEY `history_1` (`itemid`,`clock`)) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8/*!50100 PARTITION BY RANGE ( clock)(PARTITION p20140101 VALUES LESS THAN (1388592000) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140102 VALUES LESS THAN (1388678400) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140103 VALUES LESS THAN (1388764800) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140104 VALUES LESS THAN (1388851200) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140105 VALUES LESS THAN (1388937600) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140106 VALUES LESS THAN (1389024000) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140107 VALUES LESS THAN (1389110400) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140108 VALUES LESS THAN (1389196800) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140109 VALUES LESS THAN (1389283200) ENGINE = InnoDB,PARTITION p20140110 VALUES LESS THAN (1389369600) ENGINE = InnoDB) */

2)explain查看执行计划

explain partitions xxx

5.关闭housekeeping，并验证host update percent的情况1)DisableHousekeeping=1

2)

select b.hostname ,c.ip,a.update_percent as uppercent from ( select b.hostid,ROUND(IFNULL(a.aa,0)*100/b.bb,2) as update_percent from  (select hostid,count(*) as aa from items where lastclock > UNIX_TIMESTAMP()-1800 and delay < 900   and hostid in (select hostid from hosts where status=0)   and status = 0 group by hostid ) a RIGHT JOIN (select hostid,count(*) as bb from items where delay < 900 and status = 0 and hostid in (select hostid from hosts where status=0) group by hostid) b  ON a.hostid=b.hostid)a,(select hostid,lower(host) as hostname from hosts where status=0)b, (select hostid,ip from interface where type='1')c where a.hostid=b.hostid and b.hostid=c.hostid  order by uppercent;