怎么利用python写GUI及生成.exe可执行文件

怎么利用python写GUI及生成.exe可执行文件，相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策，为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法，通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。

一.GUI(Graphical User Interface(图形用户接口))

1.导入需要用到的包

import tkinter as tkimport tkinter.messageboximport copyimport os

2.获取文件夹中所有图片

def get_picture(dirs):    '''获得所有图片'''    picture_list = []    for dir, dir_abs, files in os.walk(dirs):        for file in files:            if file.endswith('.png'):  # 注意检查分析数据格式                picture_list.append(os.path.join(dir, file))    return picture_list

3.定义一个类windows

class Window:    button_list = []    object_list = []    pictures = get_picture("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\dangerous")    file = pictures[0]    is_show = True    index = 0    image_file = ''

4.创建窗口和frame

def __init__(self):        '''创建窗口和frame'''        self.window = tk.Tk()        self.window.title('护目镜安全检测')        self.window.geometry('600x400')        self.frame = tk.Frame(self.window)        self.frame.pack()        self.frame_l = tk.Frame(self.frame)        self.frame_r = tk.Frame(self.frame)        self.frame_l.pack(side='left')        self.frame_r.pack(side='right')        self.frame_ll = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)        self.frame_rr = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)        self.frame_ll.pack(side='left')        self.frame_rr.pack(side='right')

5.定义需要用到的函数（下一页、上一页等按钮要用到的）

def next_picture(self):        '''下一张图片'''        self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)        self.index += 1        if self.index < len(self.pictures):            self.checkout_button()            self.file = self.pictures[self.index]            self.create_canvas(self.file)        else:            self.index = len(self.pictures) - 1            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已近是最后一张了')     def checkout_button(self):        '''判断列表中是否只有button对象'''        object_list_copy = copy.copy(self.object_list)        for ob in self.object_list:            if ob in self.button_list:                pass            else:                b = object_list_copy.pop(self.object_list.index(ob))                b.destroy()        self.object_list = object_list_copy     def pre_picture(self):        '''上一页'''        self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)        self.index -= 1        if self.index >= 0:            self.checkout_button()            self.file = self.pictures[self.index]            self.create_canvas(self.file)        else:            self.index = 0            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已经是第一张了')     def show_picture(self):        '''展示图片和翻页按钮'''        self.file = self.pictures[0]        if self.is_show:            self.is_show = False            self.create_canvas(self.file)            button1 = tk.Button(self.frame_ll, text='上一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',                                command=self.pre_picture, relief='ridge', )            button1.pack()            button2 = tk.Button(self.frame_rr, text='下一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',                                command=self.next_picture, relief='ridge', )            button2.pack()            self.button_list.append(button1)            self.button_list.append(button2)            self.object_list.extend(self.button_list)        else:            self.is_show = True            while self.object_list:                o = self.object_list.pop()                o.destroy()

6.创建按钮、画布，调用主程序

def new_button(self):        '''创建展示按钮'''"开始检测和显示结果可在此处新添加tk.button"        tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始读取', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='green',                  command=self.show_picture, relief='ridge').pack()        # tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',command=classresnet, relief='ridge').pack()     def create_canvas(self, file):        '''用画布展示图片'''        self.image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file=file)        canvas = tk.Canvas(self.frame_r, height=500, width=600, bg='gray')        canvas.create_image(1, 1, anchor='nw', image=self.image_file)        canvas.pack()        self.object_list.append(canvas)     def run(self):        '''主程序调用'''        self.window.mainloop() if __name__ == '__main__':     w = Window()    w.new_button()    w.run()

效果展示

完整代码

import tkinter as tkimport tkinter.messageboximport copyimport os# from glob2 import glob# import main """Graphical User Interface(图形用户接口)"""def get_picture(dirs):    '''获得所有图片'''    picture_list = []    for dir, dir_abs, files in os.walk(dirs):        for file in files:            if file.endswith('.png'):  # 注意检查分析数据格式                picture_list.append(os.path.join(dir, file))    return picture_list   class Window:    button_list = []    object_list = []     # for pngfile in glob("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\datas\\*.png"):    #     main.image_demo()    #     output_dir = "F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\try"  # 保存截取的图像目录    #     print('图片获取完成 。。。！')    #    # main.classresnet()     pictures = get_picture("F:\\pic\\class-1\\classresnet\\data\\dangerous")    file = pictures[0]    is_show = True    index = 0    image_file = ''     def __init__(self):        '''创建窗口和frame'''        self.window = tk.Tk()        self.window.title('护目镜安全检测')        self.window.geometry('600x400')        self.frame = tk.Frame(self.window)        self.frame.pack()        self.frame_l = tk.Frame(self.frame)        self.frame_r = tk.Frame(self.frame)        self.frame_l.pack(side='left')        self.frame_r.pack(side='right')        self.frame_ll = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)        self.frame_rr = tk.Frame(self.frame_r)        self.frame_ll.pack(side='left')        self.frame_rr.pack(side='right')     def next_picture(self):        '''下一张图片'''        self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)        self.index += 1        if self.index < len(self.pictures):            self.checkout_button()            self.file = self.pictures[self.index]            self.create_canvas(self.file)        else:            self.index = len(self.pictures) - 1            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已近是最后一张了')     def checkout_button(self):        '''判断列表中是否只有button对象'''        object_list_copy = copy.copy(self.object_list)        for ob in self.object_list:            if ob in self.button_list:                pass            else:                b = object_list_copy.pop(self.object_list.index(ob))                b.destroy()        self.object_list = object_list_copy     def pre_picture(self):        '''上一页'''        self.index = self.pictures.index(self.file)        self.index -= 1        if self.index >= 0:            self.checkout_button()            self.file = self.pictures[self.index]            self.create_canvas(self.file)        else:            self.index = 0            tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('提示', '已经是第一张了')     def show_picture(self):        '''展示图片和翻页按钮'''        self.file = self.pictures[0]        if self.is_show:            self.is_show = False            self.create_canvas(self.file)            button1 = tk.Button(self.frame_ll, text='上一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',                                command=self.pre_picture, relief='ridge', )            button1.pack()            button2 = tk.Button(self.frame_rr, text='下一张', font=('Arial', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='orange',                                command=self.next_picture, relief='ridge', )            button2.pack()            self.button_list.append(button1)            self.button_list.append(button2)            self.object_list.extend(self.button_list)        else:            self.is_show = True            while self.object_list:                o = self.object_list.pop()                o.destroy()     # def code_button(self):    #     tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',    #               command=main.classresnet, relief='ridge').pack()     def new_button(self):        '''创建展示按钮'''"开始检测和显示结果可在此处新添加tk.button"        tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始读取', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='green',                  command=self.show_picture, relief='ridge').pack()        # tk.Button(self.frame_l, text='开始检测', font=('Arial Black', 12), width=10, height=1, bg='blue',command=classresnet, relief='ridge').pack()     def create_canvas(self, file):        '''用画布展示图片'''        self.image_file = tk.PhotoImage(file=file)        canvas = tk.Canvas(self.frame_r, height=500, width=600, bg='gray')        canvas.create_image(1, 1, anchor='nw', image=self.image_file)        canvas.pack()        self.object_list.append(canvas)     def run(self):        '''主程序调用'''        self.window.mainloop() if __name__ == '__main__':      w = Window()    w.new_button()    w.run()

二.生成exe文件

在windows下，可以使用pyinstaller打包python程序为exe可执行程序。

1.安装pyinstaller

在cmd命令行窗口运行以下命令安装pyinstaller

pip install pyinstaller

2.打包python程序

在python程序所在目录，执行以下命令

pyinstaller -F xxx.py -w

注：如果不加-w，生成的exe文件会同时出现命令行窗口

3.运行exe文件

打包完成后，在对应目录会出现build和dist文件夹，exe文件就出现在dist文件夹，直接运行即可。

4.常用命令参数

(1) -F 指定打包后只生成一个exe格式的文件（dist文件只有一个exe格式的文件T1）

pyinstaller -F T1.py

(2) -i 改变生成程序的icon图标

pyinstaller -F -i ./my.ico T1.py

(3) -n NAME，-name=NAME 设置产生文件的名字（mypy）

pyinstaller -F -n mypy -i ./my.ico T1.py

效果展示

执行exe应用

因为是exe应用，是可执行文件了，所以直接双击运行即可，运行效果如下图所示：

看完上述内容，你们掌握怎么利用python写GUI及生成.exe可执行文件的方法了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或想了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注行业资讯频道，感谢各位的阅读！