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怎么在批处理模式中运行 top 命令

发表于：2025-12-01 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2025年12月01日，怎么在批处理模式中运行 top 命令？很多新手对此不是很清楚，为了帮助大家解决这个难题，下面小编将为大家详细讲解，有这方面需求的人可以来学习下，希望你能有所收获。top 命令是每个人都在使用的用于

千家信息网最后更新 2025年12月01日怎么在批处理模式中运行 top 命令

怎么在批处理模式中运行 top 命令？很多新手对此不是很清楚，为了帮助大家解决这个难题，下面小编将为大家详细讲解，有这方面需求的人可以来学习下，希望你能有所收获。

top 命令是每个人都在使用的用于监控 Linux 系统性能的最好的命令。你可能已经知道 top 命令的绝大部分操作，除了很少的几个操作，如果我没错的话，批处理模式就是其中之一。

大部分的脚本编写者和开发人员都知道这个，因为这个操作主要就是用来编写脚本。

如果你不了解这个，不用担心，我们将在这里介绍它。

什么是 top 命令的批处理模式

批处理模式允许你将 top 命令的输出发送至其他程序或者文件中。

在这个模式中，top 命令将不会接收输入并且持续运行，直到迭代次数达到你用 -n 选项指定的次数为止。

如果你想解决 Linux 服务器上的任何性能问题，你需要正确的理解 top 命令的输出。

1) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令

默认地，top 命令按照 CPU 的使用率来排序输出结果，所以当你在批处理模式中运行以下命令时，它会执行同样的操作并打印前 35 行：

# top -bc | head -35top - 06:41:14 up 8 days, 20:24, 1 user, load average: 0.87, 0.77, 0.81Tasks: 139 total,  1 running, 136 sleeping,  0 stopped,  2 zombie%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 3.2 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.8 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 stKiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1595932 free,  886736 used, 1398272 buff/cacheKiB Swap: 1048572 total,  514640 free,  533932 used. 2648472 avail MemPID USER   PR NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM   TIME+ COMMAND   1 root   20  0 191144  2800  1596 S  0.0 0.1  5:43.63 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22   2 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.32 [kthreadd]   3 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:28.10 [ksoftirqd/0]   5 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kworker/0:0H]   7 root   rt  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:33.96 [migration/0]   8 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [rcu_bh]   9 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0 63:05.12 [rcu_sched]  10 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [lru-add-drain]  11 root   rt  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:08.79 [watchdog/0]  12 root   rt  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:08.82 [watchdog/1]  13 root   rt  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:44.27 [migration/1]  14 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  1:22.45 [ksoftirqd/1]  16 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kworker/1:0H]  18 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.01 [kdevtmpfs]  19 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [netns]  20 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:01.35 [khungtaskd]  21 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.02 [writeback]  22 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kintegrityd]  23 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [bioset]  24 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kblockd]  25 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [md]  26 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [edac-poller]  33 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  1:19.07 [kswapd0]  34 root   25  5    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [ksmd]  35 root   39 19    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:12.80 [khugepaged]  36 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [crypto]  44 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kthrotld]  46 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kmpath_rdacd]

2) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按内存使用率排序结果

在批处理模式中运行以下命令按内存使用率对结果进行排序：

# top -bc -o +%MEM | head -n 20top - 06:42:00 up 8 days, 20:25, 1 user, load average: 0.66, 0.74, 0.80Tasks: 146 total,  1 running, 145 sleeping,  0 stopped,  0 zombie%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 0.0 sy, 0.0 ni,100.0 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 stKiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1422044 free, 1059176 used, 1399720 buff/cacheKiB Swap: 1048572 total,  514640 free,  533932 used. 2475984 avail Mem PID USER   PR NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM   TIME+ COMMAND 18105 mysql   20  0 1453900 156096  8816 S  0.0 4.0  2:12.98 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid 1841 root   20  0 228980 107036  5360 S  0.0 2.8  0:05.56 /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/perl/528/bin/perl -T -w /usr/local/cpanel/3rdparty/bin/spamd --max-children=3 --max-spare=1 --allowed-ips=127.0.0.+ 4301 root   20  0 230208 104608  1816 S  0.0 2.7  0:03.77 spamd child 8139 nobody  20  0 257000 27108  3408 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 7961 nobody  20  0 256988 26912  3160 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.05 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8190 nobody  20  0 256976 26812  3140 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.05 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8353 nobody  20  0 256976 26812  3144 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8629 nobody  20  0 256856 26736  3108 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.02 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8636 nobody  20  0 256856 26712  3100 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8611 nobody  20  0 256844 25764  2228 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8451 nobody  20  0 256844 25760  2220 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.04 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8610 nobody  20  0 256844 25748  2224 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start 8632 nobody  20  0 256844 25744  2216 S  0.0 0.7  0:00.03 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start

上面命令的详细信息：

-b：批处理模式选项

-c：打印运行中的进程的绝对路径

-o：指定进行排序的字段

head：输出文件的第一部分

-n：打印前 n 行

3) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按照指定的用户进程对结果进行排序

如果你想要按照指定用户进程对结果进行排序请运行以下命令：

# top -bc -u mysql | head -n 10top - 06:44:58 up 8 days, 20:27, 1 user, load average: 0.99, 0.87, 0.84Tasks: 140 total,  1 running, 137 sleeping,  0 stopped,  2 zombie%Cpu(s): 13.3 us, 3.3 sy, 0.0 ni, 83.3 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 stKiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1589832 free,  885648 used, 1405460 buff/cacheKiB Swap: 1048572 total,  514640 free,  533932 used. 2649412 avail Mem PID USER   PR NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM   TIME+ COMMAND 18105 mysql   20  0 1453900 156888  8816 S  0.0 4.0  2:16.42 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

4) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并按照处理时间进行排序

在批处理模式中使用以下 top 命令按照处理时间对结果进行排序。这展示了任务从启动以来已使用的总 CPU 时间。

但是如果你想要检查一个进程在 Linux 上运行了多长时间请看接下来的文章：

检查 Linux 中进程运行时间的五种方法

# top -bc -o TIME+ | head -n 20top - 06:45:56 up 8 days, 20:28, 1 user, load average: 0.56, 0.77, 0.81Tasks: 148 total,  1 running, 146 sleeping,  0 stopped,  1 zombie%Cpu(s): 0.0 us, 3.1 sy, 0.0 ni, 96.9 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 stKiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1378664 free, 1094876 used, 1407400 buff/cacheKiB Swap: 1048572 total,  514640 free,  533932 used. 2440332 avail Mem PID USER   PR NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM   TIME+ COMMAND   9 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0 63:05.70 [rcu_sched]  272 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0 16:12.13 [xfsaild/vda1] 3882 root   20  0 229832  6212  1220 S  0.0 0.2  9:00.84 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start   1 root   20  0 191144  2800  1596 S  0.0 0.1  5:43.75 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22 3761 root   20  0  68784  9820  2048 S  0.0 0.3  5:09.67 tailwatchd 3529 root   20  0 404380  3472  2604 S  0.0 0.1  3:24.98 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n 3520 root   20  0 574208  572  164 S  0.0 0.0  3:07.74 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/tuned -l -P  444 dbus   20  0  58444  1144  612 S  0.0 0.0  2:23.90 /usr/bin/dbus-daemon --system --address=systemd: --nofork --nopidfile --systemd-activation 18105 mysql   20  0 1453900 157152  8816 S  0.0 4.0  2:17.29 /usr/sbin/mysqld --daemonize --pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid  249 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  1:28.83 [kworker/0:1H]  14 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  1:22.46 [ksoftirqd/1]  33 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  1:19.07 [kswapd0]  342 root   20  0  39472  2940  2752 S  0.0 0.1  1:18.17 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-journald

5) 如何在批处理模式下运行 top 命令并将结果保存到文件中

如果出于解决问题的目的，你想要和别人分享 top 命令的输出，请使用以下命令重定向输出到文件中：

# top -bc | head -35 > top-report.txt# cat top-report.txttop - 06:47:11 up 8 days, 20:30, 1 user, load average: 0.67, 0.77, 0.81Tasks: 133 total,  4 running, 129 sleeping,  0 stopped,  0 zombie%Cpu(s): 59.4 us, 12.5 sy, 0.0 ni, 28.1 id, 0.0 wa, 0.0 hi, 0.0 si, 0.0 stKiB Mem : 3880940 total, 1596268 free,  843284 used, 1441388 buff/cacheKiB Swap: 1048572 total,  514640 free,  533932 used. 2659084 avail Mem PID USER   PR NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM   TIME+ COMMAND 9686 daygeekc 20  0 406132 62184 43448 R 94.1 1.6  0:00.34 /opt/cpanel/ea-php56/root/usr/bin/php-cgi 9689 nobody  20  0 256588 24428  1184 S  5.9 0.6  0:00.01 /usr/sbin/httpd -k start   1 root   20  0 191144  2800  1596 S  0.0 0.1  5:43.79 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22   2 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.32 [kthreadd]   3 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:28.11 [ksoftirqd/0]   5 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kworker/0:0H]   7 root   rt  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:33.96 [migration/0]   8 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [rcu_bh]   9 root   20  0    0   0   0 R  0.0 0.0 63:05.82 [rcu_sched]  10 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [lru-add-drain]  11 root   rt  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:08.79 [watchdog/0]  12 root   rt  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:08.82 [watchdog/1]  13 root   rt  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:44.28 [migration/1]  14 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  1:22.46 [ksoftirqd/1]  16 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kworker/1:0H]  18 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.01 [kdevtmpfs]  19 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [netns]  20 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:01.35 [khungtaskd]  21 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.02 [writeback]  22 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kintegrityd]  23 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [bioset]  24 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [kblockd]  25 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [md]  26 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [edac-poller]  33 root   20  0    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  1:19.07 [kswapd0]  34 root   25  5    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [ksmd]  35 root   39 19    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:12.80 [khugepaged]  36 root    0 -20    0   0   0 S  0.0 0.0  0:00.00 [crypto]

如何按照指定字段对结果进行排序

在 top 命令的最新版本中，按下 f 键进入字段管理界面。

要使用新字段进行排序，请使用 up/down 箭头选择正确的选项，然后再按下 s 键进行排序。最后按 q 键退出此窗口。

Fields Management for window 1:Def, whose current sort field is %CPU  Navigate with Up/Dn, Right selects for move then or Left commits,  'd' or toggles display, 's' sets sort. Use 'q' or to end! PID   = Process Id       nsUTS  = UTS namespace Inode USER  = Effective User Name  LXC   = LXC container name PR   = Priority        RSan  = RES Anonymous (KiB) NI   = Nice Value       RSfd  = RES File-based (KiB) VIRT  = Virtual Image (KiB)  RSlk  = RES Locked (KiB) RES   = Resident Size (KiB)  RSsh  = RES Shared (KiB) SHR   = Shared Memory (KiB)  CGNAME = Control Group name S    = Process Status     NU   = Last Used NUMA node %CPU  = CPU Usage %MEM  = Memory Usage (RES) TIME+  = CPU Time, hundredths COMMAND = Command Name/Line PPID  = Parent Process pid UID   = Effective User Id RUID  = Real User Id RUSER  = Real User Name SUID  = Saved User Id SUSER  = Saved User Name GID   = Group Id GROUP  = Group Name PGRP  = Process Group Id TTY   = Controlling Tty TPGID  = Tty Process Grp Id SID   = Session Id nTH   = Number of Threads P    = Last Used Cpu (SMP) TIME  = CPU Time SWAP  = Swapped Size (KiB) CODE  = Code Size (KiB) DATA  = Data+Stack (KiB) nMaj  = Major Page Faults nMin  = Minor Page Faults nDRT  = Dirty Pages Count WCHAN  = Sleeping in Function Flags  = Task Flags CGROUPS = Control Groups SUPGIDS = Supp Groups IDs SUPGRPS = Supp Groups Names TGID  = Thread Group Id OOMa  = OOMEM Adjustment OOMs  = OOMEM Score current ENVIRON = Environment vars vMj   = Major Faults delta vMn   = Minor Faults delta USED  = Res+Swap Size (KiB) nsIPC  = IPC namespace Inode nsMNT  = MNT namespace Inode nsNET  = NET namespace Inode nsPID  = PID namespace Inode nsUSER = USER namespace Inode

对 top 命令的旧版本，请按 shift+f 或 shift+o 键进入字段管理界面进行排序。

要使用新字段进行排序，请选择相应的排序字段字母，然后按下回车键排序。

Current Sort Field: N for window 1:Def Select sort field via field letter, type any other key to return a: PID    = Process Id b: PPID    = Parent Process Pid c: RUSER   = Real user name d: UID    = User Id e: USER    = User Name f: GROUP   = Group Name g: TTY    = Controlling Tty h: PR     = Priority i: NI     = Nice value j: P     = Last used cpu (SMP) k: %CPU    = CPU usage l: TIME    = CPU Time m: TIME+   = CPU Time, hundredths* N: %MEM    = Memory usage (RES) o: VIRT    = Virtual Image (kb) p: SWAP    = Swapped size (kb) q: RES    = Resident size (kb) r: CODE    = Code size (kb) s: DATA    = Data+Stack size (kb) t: SHR    = Shared Mem size (kb) u: nFLT    = Page Fault count v: nDRT    = Dirty Pages count w: S     = Process Status x: COMMAND  = Command name/line y: WCHAN   = Sleeping in Function z: Flags   = Task Flags Note1:  If a selected sort field can't be  shown due to screen width or your  field order, the '<' and '>' keys  will be unavailable until a field  within viewable range is chosen. Note2:  Field sorting uses internal values,  not those in column display. Thus,  the TTY & WCHAN fields will violate  strict ASCII collating sequence.  (shame on you if WCHAN is chosen)

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