Java基于TCP如何实现简单聊天程序

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一、如何实现TCP通信

要实现TCP通信需要创建一个服务器端程序和一个客户端程序，为了保证数据传输的安全性，首先需要实现服务器端程序，然后在编写客户端程序。

在本机运行服务器端程序，在远程机运行客户端程序

本机的IP地址：192.168.129.222

远程机的IP地址：192.168.214.213

二、编写C/S架构聊天程序

1.编写服务器端程序 - Server.java

在net.hw.network包里创建Server类

package net.hw.network;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import java.io.DataInputStream;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.ServerSocket;import java.net.Socket;/** * 功能：服务器端 * 作者：华卫 * 日期：2022年03月18日 */public class Server extends JFrame {    static final int PORT = 8136;    static final String HOST_IP = "192.168.129.222";    private JPanel panel1, panel2;    private JTextArea txtContent, txtInput, txtInputIP;    private JScrollPane panContent, panInput;    private JButton btnClose, btnSend;    private ServerSocket serverSocket;    private Socket socket;    private DataInputStream netIn;    private DataOutputStream netOut;    public static void main(String[] args) {        new Server();    }    public Server() {        super("服务器");        //创建组件        panel1 = new JPanel();        panel2 = new JPanel();        txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 60);        txtInput = new JTextArea(3, 60);        panContent = new JScrollPane(txtContent, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);        panInput = new JScrollPane(txtInput, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);        btnClose = new JButton("关闭");        btnSend = new JButton("发送");        //添加组件        getContentPane().add(panContent, "Center");        getContentPane().add(panel1, "South");        panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));        panel1.add(panInput);        panel1.add(panel2);        panel2.add(btnSend);        panel2.add(btnClose);        //设置组件属性        txtContent.setEditable(false);        txtContent.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13));        txtInput.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15));        txtContent.setLineWrap(true);        txtInput.setLineWrap(true);        txtInput.requestFocus();        setSize(450, 350);        setLocation(50, 200);        setResizable(false);        setVisible(true);        //等候客户请求                try {            txtContent.append("服务器已启动...\n");            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT);            txtContent.append("等待客户请求...\n");            socket = serverSocket.accept();            txtContent.append("连接一个客户。\n" + socket + "\n");            netIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());            netOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());        } catch (IOException e1) {            e1.printStackTrace();        }        /        //注册监听器，编写事件代码          txtContent.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {            public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {                displayClientMsg();            }        });        txtInput.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {            public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {                displayClientMsg();            }        });        panel2.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {            public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {                displayClientMsg();            }        });        txtInput.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {            public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {                displayClientMsg();            }        });        txtInput.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() {            public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {                displayClientMsg();            }        });        btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {                try {                    String serverMsg = txtInput.getText();                    if (!serverMsg.trim().equals("")) {                        txtContent.append("服务器>" + serverMsg + "\n");                        netOut.writeUTF(serverMsg);                    } else {                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不能发送空信息！", "服务器", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);                    }                    txtInput.setText("");                    txtInput.requestFocus();                } catch (IOException ie) {                    ie.printStackTrace();                }            }        });        btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) {                try {                    netIn.close();                    netOut.close();                    socket.close();                    serverSocket.close();                } catch (IOException e) {                    e.printStackTrace();                }                System.exit(0);            }        });        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {                try {                    netIn.close();                    netOut.close();                    socket.close();                    serverSocket.close();                } catch (IOException ie) {                    ie.printStackTrace();                }                System.exit(0);            }            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {                txtInput.requestFocus();            }        });    }    //显示客户端信息    void displayClientMsg() {        try {            if (netIn.available() > 0) {                String clientMsg = netIn.readUTF();                txtContent.append("客户端>" + clientMsg + "\n");            }        } catch (IOException e1) {            e1.printStackTrace();        }    }}

2.编写客户端程序 - Client.java

在net.hw.network包里创建Client类

package net.hw.network;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;import java.awt.event.*;import java.io.DataInputStream;import java.io.DataOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.InetAddress;import java.net.Socket;/** * 功能：客户端 * 作者：华卫 * 日期：2022年03月18日 */public class Client extends JFrame {    private JPanel panel1, panel2;    private JTextArea txtContent, txtInput;    private JScrollPane panContent, panInput;    private JButton btnClose, btnSend;    private Socket socket;    private DataInputStream netIn;    private DataOutputStream netOut;    public static void main(String[] args) {        new Client();    }    public Client() {        super("客户端");        //创建组件        panel1 = new JPanel();        panel2 = new JPanel();        txtContent = new JTextArea(15, 60);        txtInput = new JTextArea(3, 60);        panContent = new JScrollPane(txtContent, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);        panInput = new JScrollPane(txtInput, ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_AS_NEEDED, ScrollPaneConstants.HORIZONTAL_SCROLLBAR_NEVER);        btnClose = new JButton("关闭");        btnSend = new JButton("发送");        //添加组件        getContentPane().add(panContent, "Center");        getContentPane().add(panel1, "South");        panel1.setLayout(new GridLayout(0, 1));        panel1.add(panInput);        panel1.add(panel2);        panel2.add(btnSend);        panel2.add(btnClose);        //设置组件属性        txtContent.setEditable(false);        txtContent.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 13));        txtInput.setFont(new Font("宋体", Font.PLAIN, 15));        txtContent.setLineWrap(true);        txtInput.setLineWrap(true);        txtInput.requestFocus();        setSize(450, 350);        setLocation(550, 200);        setResizable(false);        setVisible(true);        //连接服务器        try {            txtContent.append("连接服务器...\n");            socket = new Socket(Server.HOST_IP, Server.PORT);            txtContent.append("连接服务器成功。\n" + socket + "\n");            netIn = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());            netOut = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());        } catch (IOException e1) {            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "服务器连接失败！\n请先启动服务器程序！", "客户端", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE);            System.exit(1);        }        /        //注册监听器，编写事件代码        txtContent.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {            public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {                displayServerMsg();            }        });        txtInput.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {            public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {                displayServerMsg();            }        });        panel2.addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionAdapter() {            public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e) {                displayServerMsg();            }        });        txtInput.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {            public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {                displayServerMsg();            }        });        txtInput.addFocusListener(new FocusAdapter() {            public void focusGained(FocusEvent e) {                displayServerMsg();            }        });        btnSend.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {                try {                    String clientMsg = txtInput.getText();                    if (!clientMsg.trim().equals("")) {                        netOut.writeUTF(clientMsg);                        txtContent.append("客户端>" + clientMsg + "\n");                    } else {                        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "不能发送空信息！", "客户端", JOptionPane.WARNING_MESSAGE);                    }                    txtInput.setText("");                    txtInput.requestFocus();                } catch (IOException ie) {                    ie.printStackTrace();                }            }        });        btnClose.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {                try {                    netIn.close();                    netOut.close();                    socket.close();                } catch (IOException ie) {                    ie.printStackTrace();                }                System.exit(0);            }        });        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {                try {                    netIn.close();                    netOut.close();                    socket.close();                } catch (IOException ie) {                    ie.printStackTrace();                }                System.exit(0);            }            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {                txtInput.requestFocus();            }        });    }    //显示服务端信息    void displayServerMsg() {        try {            if (netIn.available() > 0) {                String serverMsg = netIn.readUTF();                txtContent.append("服务器>" + serverMsg + "\n");            }        } catch (IOException e1) {            e1.printStackTrace();        }    }}

3.测试服务器端与客户端能否通信

在本机[192.168.129.222]上启动服务器端

在远程机[192.168.214.213]上启动客户端

显示连接服务器[192.168.129.222]成功，切换到服务器端查看,显示连接了一个客户[192.168.214.213]

此时，服务器端和客户端就可以相互通信了

4.程序优化思路 - 服务器端采用多线程

其实，很多服务器端程序都是允许被多个应用程序访问的，例如门户网站可以被多个用户同时访问，因此服务器端都是多线程的。

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