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nginx+PHP+memcached+MySQL+ip-hash做memcached集群

发表于：2026-11-01 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2026年11月01日，1、nginx与memcached整合#安装memcached支持的事务库libeventwget https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/down

千家信息网最后更新 2026年11月01日nginx+PHP+memcached+MySQL+ip-hash做memcached集群

1、nginx与memcached整合

#安装memcached支持的事务库libevent

wget https://github.com/libevent/libevent/releases/download/release-2.0.22-stable/libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gztar zxf libevent-2.0.22-stable.tar.gz cd libevent-2.0.22-stable./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libeventmake && make installecho $?cd ..

#接下来安装memcached:

wget http://www.memcached.org/files/memcached-1.4.35.tar.gztar zxf memcached-1.4.35.tar.gzcd memcached-1.4.35./configure --prefix=/usr/local/memcached --with-libevent=/usr/local/libeventmake && make installecho $?cd ..

#运行memcached

[root@nginx ~]# /usr/local/memcached/bin/memcached -d -u nobody -vv

#配置nginx配置文件nginx.conf，定位user的uri交给memcached做缓存

#添加location定位：

location ~* user {                set $memcached_key "$uri"; #设置memcached的key为uri                memcached_pass 192.168.146.132:11211; #链接memcached                error_page 404 /callback.php; #错误定位        }

#加载nginx配置

nginx -s reload

#在memcached中写入一条URI数据，测试整合是否成功

[root@nginx ~]# telnet 192.168.146.132 11211Trying 192.168.146.132...Connected to 192.168.146.132.Escape character is '^]'.add /user1.html 0 0 7iamlisi STOREDquit

#访问http://192.168.146.132/user1.html如能看到iamlisi，那么nginx与memcache整合成功了！

2、整合PHP与memcahced

#安装PHP扩展模块memcache

wget http://pecl.php.net/get/memcache-2.2.7.tgztar zxvf memcache-2.2.7.tgzcd memcache-2.2.7/usr/local/php/bin/phpize ./configure --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/php/bin/php-config --with-zlib-dirmake && make installecho $?cd ..

pkill php-fpm #杀死php-fpm进程

php-fpm #启动php-fpm

http://192.168.146.132/test.php能看到memcache模块就成功了

#测试PHP与memcached

vim /usr/local/nginx/html/callback.phpphp

#访问http://1982.168.146.132/user2.html 此uri在memcached中不存在，就会回调到callback.php处理请求，结果如下：

Array(    [USER] => nobody    [HOME] => /    [FCGI_ROLE] => RESPONDER    [SCRIPT_FILENAME] => /usr/local/nginx/html/callback.php    [QUERY_STRING] =>     [REQUEST_METHOD] => GET    [CONTENT_TYPE] =>     [CONTENT_LENGTH] =>     [SCRIPT_NAME] => /callback.php    [REQUEST_URI] => /user2.html    [DOCUMENT_URI] => /callback.php    [DOCUMENT_ROOT] => /usr/local/nginx/html    [SERVER_PROTOCOL] => HTTP/1.1    [REQUEST_SCHEME] => http    [GATEWAY_INTERFACE] => CGI/1.1    [SERVER_SOFTWARE] => nginx/1.12.1    [REMOTE_ADDR] => 192.168.146.1    [REMOTE_PORT] => 14187    [SERVER_ADDR] => 192.168.146.132    [SERVER_PORT] => 80    [SERVER_NAME] => localhost    [REDIRECT_STATUS] => 200    [HTTP_HOST] => 192.168.146.132    [HTTP_CONNECTION] => keep-alive    [HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS] => 1    [HTTP_USER_AGENT] => Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36    [HTTP_ACCEPT] => text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,p_w_picpath/webp,p_w_picpath/apng,*/*;q=0.8    [HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING] => gzip, deflate    [HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE] => zh-CN,zh;q=0.8    [PHP_SELF] => /callback.php    [REQUEST_TIME] => 1503552110)

3、使用PHP让memcached链接MySQL查询key与value并存入memcached，

#接下来我们写个PHP程序，链接数据库，让memcached找不到的uri就回调给PHP，然后PHP去链接数据库，查找数据后给memcached：

cat html/callback.php';$user = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);if (empty($user)) {    echo 'no this user';} else {//    print_r($user);    $html = ''. $user['uname'].'
';    echo $html;    $mem = new memcache();    $mem->connect('192.168.146.132',11211);    $mem->add($uri,$html,0,300);    $mem->close();}

#此处我们要在数据库中建立test库和user表，并写入uid和uname字段数据：

#注意：callback.php文件调用的库和表，字段要对应建立

mysql> create database test;mysql> use test;mysql> create table user(    -> uid int(11) not null,    -> uname varchar(255) not null,    -> primary key (uid));mysql> insert into user (uid,uname) values(1,'i am memcached');mysql> insert into user (uid,uname) values(2,'dslajfflsaj;gljdaslgjlajfdalsjf');

#此时访问uir，首先会转发到memcached处理，memcached中没有key就会回调给callback.php处理，然后PHP链接数据库，查询uri数据，然后memcached会写入key与value，并将数据返回给客户端。

http://192.168.146.132/user1.html

#memcached显示数据动态：

<36 new auto-negotiating client connection36: Client using the ascii protocol<36 add /user1.html 1 300 122>36 STORED<36 connection closed.<36 new auto-negotiating client connection36: Client using the ascii protocol<36 get /user1.html>36 sending key /user1.html>36 END<36 connection closed.

4、配置memcached群架，nginx和PHP使用一致性哈希(ip-hash)

#当使用memcached群集时，会遇到数据写入memcached不一致，因为nginx模式使用round-robin（轮询）方式访问memcached服务器，就会造成写入和读出数据不在同一服务器的问题，为此nginx提供了ip-hash基于Ip的一致性哈希算法，它会记录访问IP，下次访问时同一ip会访问上次记录的服务器。

官方参考文档：https://www.nginx.com/resources/wiki/modules/consistent_hash/

#下载nginx hash模块并安装：

cd /root/toolswget https://github.com/replay/ngx_http_consistent_hash/archive/master.zipunzip master.zip

#查看nginx编译参数

[root@LNMP tools]# nginx -Vnginx version: nginx/1.8.1built by gcc 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-18) (GCC) built with OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013TLS SNI support enabledconfigure arguments: --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=/root/tools/nginx-1.8.1/nginx-rtmp-module

#进入nginx源码目录，添加模块安装

[root@LNMP tools]# cd nginx-1.8.1[root@LNMP nginx-1.8.1]# ./configure --user=nginx --group=nginx --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module --add-module=/root/tools/nginx-1.8.1/nginx-rtmp-module --add-module=/root/tools/ngx_http_consistent_hash-master/[root@LNMP nginx-1.8.1]#make && make install

#模拟memcache集群,区分端口启动三个memcached

memcached -d -u nobody -p 11211 -vvmemcached -d -u nobody -p 11212 -vvmemcached -d -u nobody -p 11213 -vv

#nginx配置文件http段添加upstram模块：

upstream mcserver {        consistent_hash $request_uri;  #指定使用哈希算法，针对memcached，请参考文档        server 192.168.146.132:11211;        server 192.168.146.132:11212;        server 192.168.146.132:11213;        }

#并在location中反向代理到mcserver集群：

具体参考文档：http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_memcached_module.html#memcached_pass

location ~* /user {                set $memcached_key "$uri";  #将uri配置为memcached的key                memcached_pass mcserver;    #代理到memcached集群                error_page 404 = /callback.php;  #memcached中找不到key将回调到此文件        }

#重新加载nginx配置

nginx -s reload

#修改php配置为hash查询

#具体参考文挡：http://cn2.php.net/manual/en/memcache.ini.php#ini.memcache.hash-strategy

vim /usr/local/php/etc/php.inimemcache.hash_strategy=consistent  #添加，使用一致性哈希

#重新启动php-fpm

pkill -9 php-fpmnetstat -lntup|grep 9000php-fpm

#修改回调代码，建立memcached集群链接

cat html/callback.phpaddServer('192.168.146.132',11211);$mem->addServer('192.168.146.132',11212);$mem->addServer('192.168.146.132',11213);//链接数据库,查询并写入memcached$conn = mysql_connect('localhost','root','123.com');$sql = 'use test';mysql_query($sql,$conn);$sql = 'set names utf8';mysql_query($sql,$conn);$sql = 'select * from user where uid='.$uid;$rs = mysql_query($sql,$conn);echo 'from mysql query
';$user = mysql_fetch_assoc($rs);if (empty($user)) {    echo 'no this user';} else {    $html = ''. $user['uname'].'
';    echo $html;    $mem->add($uri,$html,0,10);    $mem->close();}

#测试数据，memcached会在一个端口写入数据和查询数据：

<36 new auto-negotiating client connection36: Client using the ascii protocol<36 get /user1.html>36 END<36 connection closed.<36 new auto-negotiating client connection36: Client using the ascii protocol<36 add /user1.html 0 10 87>36 STORED<37 new auto-negotiating client connection37: Client using the ascii protocol<37 get /user1.html>37 END<37 connection closed.<40 new auto-negotiating client connection40: Client using the ascii protocol<40 get /user2.html>40 END<40 connection closed.<40 new auto-negotiating client connection40: Client using the ascii protocol<40 add /user2.html 0 10 40>40 STORED<41 new auto-negotiating client connection41: Client using the ascii protocol<41 get /user2.html>41 END<41 connection closed.

#到此nginx+PHP+memcached+MySQL并现象memcached群架一致性哈希算法完成！

#途中遇到一个问题：在MySQL中写入中文数据，php调用后第一次显示正常，第二次存入memcached后调用就乱码了，我用Google和Firefox浏览器都是乱码，而用360和IE则没有乱码！暂时没找到原因，有知道的忘告知，万分感谢！！！

很赞哦！