如何使用package.json

这篇文章主要介绍了如何使用package.json的相关知识，内容详细易懂，操作简单快捷，具有一定借鉴价值，相信大家阅读完这篇如何使用package.json文章都会有所收获，下面我们一起来看看吧。

使用 package.json

package.json 位于模块的目录下，用于定义包的属性。接下来让我们来看下 express 包的 package.json 文件，位于 node_modules/express/package.json 内容：

{  "name": "express",  "description": "Fast, unopinionated, minimalist web framework",  "version": "4.13.3",  "author": {    "name": "TJ Holowaychuk",    "email": "tj@vision-media.ca"  },  "contributors": [    {      "name": "Aaron Heckmann",      "email": "aaron.heckmann+github@gmail.com"    },    {      "name": "Ciaran Jessup",      "email": "ciaranj@gmail.com"    },    {      "name": "Douglas Christopher Wilson",      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"    },    {      "name": "Guillermo Rauch",      "email": "rauchg@gmail.com"    },    {      "name": "Jonathan Ong",      "email": "me@jongleberry.com"    },    {      "name": "Roman Shtylman",      "email": "shtylman+expressjs@gmail.com"    },    {      "name": "Young Jae Sim",      "email": "hanul@hanul.me"    }  ],  "license": "MIT",  "repository": {    "type": "git",    "url": "git+https://github.com/strongloop/express.git"  },  "homepage": "http://expressjs.com/",  "keywords": [    "express",    "framework",    "sinatra",    "web",    "rest",    "restful",    "router",    "app",    "api"  ],  "dependencies": {    "accepts": "~1.2.12",    "array-flatten": "1.1.1",    "content-disposition": "0.5.0",    "content-type": "~1.0.1",    "cookie": "0.1.3",    "cookie-signature": "1.0.6",    "debug": "~2.2.0",    "depd": "~1.0.1",    "escape-html": "1.0.2",    "etag": "~1.7.0",    "finalhandler": "0.4.0",    "fresh": "0.3.0",    "merge-descriptors": "1.0.0",    "methods": "~1.1.1",    "on-finished": "~2.3.0",    "parseurl": "~1.3.0",    "path-to-regexp": "0.1.7",    "proxy-addr": "~1.0.8",    "qs": "4.0.0",    "range-parser": "~1.0.2",    "send": "0.13.0",    "serve-static": "~1.10.0",    "type-is": "~1.6.6",    "utils-merge": "1.0.0",    "vary": "~1.0.1"  },  "devDependencies": {    "after": "0.8.1",    "ejs": "2.3.3",    "istanbul": "0.3.17",    "marked": "0.3.5",    "mocha": "2.2.5",    "should": "7.0.2",    "supertest": "1.0.1",    "body-parser": "~1.13.3",    "connect-redis": "~2.4.1",    "cookie-parser": "~1.3.5",    "cookie-session": "~1.2.0",    "express-session": "~1.11.3",    "jade": "~1.11.0",    "method-override": "~2.3.5",    "morgan": "~1.6.1",    "multiparty": "~4.1.2",    "vhost": "~3.0.1"  },  "engines": {    "node": ">= 0.10.0"  },  "files": [    "LICENSE",    "History.md",    "Readme.md",    "index.js",    "lib/"  ],  "scripts": {    "test": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter spec --bail --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",    "test-ci": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha --report lcovonly -- --require test/support/env --reporter spec --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",    "test-cov": "istanbul cover node_modules/mocha/bin/_mocha -- --require test/support/env --reporter dot --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/",    "test-tap": "mocha --require test/support/env --reporter tap --check-leaks test/ test/acceptance/"  },  "gitHead": "ef7ad681b245fba023843ce94f6bcb8e275bbb8e",  "bugs": {    "url": "https://github.com/strongloop/express/issues"  },  "_id": "express@4.13.3",  "_shasum": "ddb2f1fb4502bf33598d2b032b037960ca6c80a3",  "_from": "express@*",  "_npmVersion": "1.4.28",  "_npmUser": {    "name": "dougwilson",    "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"  },  "maintainers": [    {      "name": "tjholowaychuk",      "email": "tj@vision-media.ca"    },    {      "name": "jongleberry",      "email": "jonathanrichardong@gmail.com"    },    {      "name": "dougwilson",      "email": "doug@somethingdoug.com"    },    {      "name": "rfeng",      "email": "enjoyjava@gmail.com"    },    {      "name": "aredridel",      "email": "aredridel@dinhe.net"    },    {      "name": "strongloop",      "email": "callback@strongloop.com"    },    {      "name": "defunctzombie",      "email": "shtylman@gmail.com"    }  ],  "dist": {    "shasum": "ddb2f1fb4502bf33598d2b032b037960ca6c80a3",    "tarball": "http://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.13.3.tgz"  },  "directories": {},  "_resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.13.3.tgz",  "readme": "ERROR: No README data found!"}

Package.json 属性说明

• name - 包名。

• version - 包的版本号。

• description - 包的描述。

• homepage - 包的官网 url 。

• author - 包的作者姓名。

• contributors - 包的其他贡献者姓名。

• dependencies - 依赖包列表。如果依赖包没有安装，npm 会自动将依赖包安装在 node_module 目录下。

• repository - 包代码存放的地方的类型，可以是 git 或 svn，git 可在 Github 上。

• main - main 字段指定了程序的主入口文件，require('moduleName') 就会加载这个文件。这个字段的默认值是模块根目录下面的 index.js。

• keywords - 关键字

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