python中怎么利用shell通配符匹配字符串

shell通配符匹配字符串

想用Unix Shell通配符(*.py，*.csv)匹配字符串。

fnmatch 模块提供了两个函数--fnmatch() 和 fnmatchcase() ，可以用来实现这样的匹配。用法如下：

>>> from fnmatch import fnmatch,fnmatchcase
>>> fnmatchcase("python.py","*.py")
True
>>> names = ["hello.py","python.py","1.txt",'helloC.c']
>>> names
['hello.py', 'python.py', '1.txt', 'helloC.c']
>>> [name for name in names if fnmatchcase(name,"*.py")]
['hello.py', 'python.py']

这两个函数在处理非文件名的字符串时候也是很有用的。比如，假设你有一个街道地址的列表数据：

>>> addresses = [
'5412 N CLARK ST',
'1060 W ADDISON ST',
'1039 W GRANVILLE AVE',
'2122 N CLARK ST',
'4802 N BROADWAY',
]
>>> result = [place for place in addresses if fnmatchcase(place,"*ST")] #ST结尾
>>> result
['5412 N CLARK ST', '1060 W ADDISON ST', '2122 N CLARK ST']
>>> result = [place for place in addresses if fnmatchcase(place,"54[1-9][1-9]*CLARK*ST")]
>>> result #54开头包含CLARK
['5412 N CLARK ST']