Golang GinWeb框架之如何理解绑定请求字符串/URI/请求头/复选框/表单类型

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只绑定查询字符串

使用SholdBindQuery方法只绑定查询参数, 而不会绑定post的数据.

以下为示例代码与模拟测试请求:

package main  import (   "log"    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" )  type Person struct {   Name    string `form:"name"`   Address string `form:"address"` }  func main() {   route := gin.Default()   route.Any("/testing", startPage)   route.Run(":8085") }  func startPage(c *gin.Context) {   var person Person   // ShouldBindQuery is a shortcut for c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Query)   // ShouldBindQuery是c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Query)方法的一个快捷绑定方法, 该方法只绑定请求字符串query string,而忽略Post提交的表单数据   if c.ShouldBindQuery(&person) == nil {     log.Println("====== Only Bind By Query String ======")     log.Println(person.Name)     log.Println(person.Address)   }   c.String(200, "Success") } //only bind query 模拟查询字符串请求 //curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=eason&address=xyz"  //only bind query string, ignore form data 模拟查询字符串请求和Post表单,这里的表单会被忽略 //curl -X POST "localhost:8085/testing?name=eason&address=xyz" --data 'name=ignore&address=ignore' -H "Content-Type:application/x-www-form-urlencoded

绑定查询字符串或Post数据(表单)

代码与请求示例:

package main  import (   "log"   "time"    "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" )  type Person struct {   Name       string    `form:"name"`   Address    string    `form:"address"`   Birthday   time.Time `form:"birthday" time_format:"2006-01-02" time_utc:"1"`   CreateTime time.Time `form:"createTime" time_format:"unixNano"`   UnixTime   time.Time `form:"unixTime" time_format:"unix"` }  func main() {   route := gin.Default()   //route.GET("/testing", startPage)           //使用GET   route.POST("/testing", startPage)  //使用POST   route.Run(":8085") }  func startPage(c *gin.Context) {   var person Person   // If `GET`, only `Form` binding engine (`query`) used.  如果路由是GET方法,则只使用查询字符串引擎绑定   // If `POST`, first checks the `content-type` for `JSON` or `XML`, then uses `Form` (`form-data`).   // See more at https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/blob/master/binding/binding.go#L48   //如果是POST方式, ShouldBind方法检查请求类型头Content-Type来自动选择绑定引擎,比如Json/XML   if c.ShouldBind(&person) == nil {     log.Println(person.Name)     log.Println(person.Address)     log.Println(person.Birthday)     log.Println(person.CreateTime)     log.Println(person.UnixTime)   }    //if c.BindJSON(&person) == nil {   //  log.Println("====== Bind By JSON ======")   //  log.Println(person.Name)   //  log.Println(person.Address)   //}    c.String(200, "Success") } //模拟查询字符串参数请求: //curl -X GET "localhost:8085/testing?name=appleboy&address=xyz&birthday=1992-03-15&createTime=1562400033000000123&unixTime=1562400033" //模拟Post Json请求 //curl -X POST localhost:8085/testing --data '{"name":"JJ", "address":"xyz"}' -H "Content-Type:application/json"

绑定URI

将结构体中标签指定的字段与URI中对应的字段进行绑定, 详情请参考: https://github.com/gin-gonic/gin/issues/846

代码与请求示例:

package main  import "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"  type Person struct {   ID string `uri:"id" binding:"required,uuid"`  //指定URI标签   Name string `uri:"name" binding:"required"` }  func main() {   route := gin.Default()   //下面的URI中的name和id与Person结构中的标签分别对应   route.GET("/:name/:id", func(c *gin.Context) {     var person Person     if err := c.ShouldBindUri(&person); err != nil {       c.JSON(400, gin.H{"msg": err})       return     }     c.JSON(200, gin.H{"name": person.Name, "uuid": person.ID})   })   route.Run(":8088") } //模拟请求 //curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/987fbc97-4bed-5078-9f07-9141ba07c9f3 //curl -v localhost:8088/thinkerou/not-uuid

绑定请求头

将请求头中的信息与结构体绑定

package main  import (   "fmt"   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" )  type testHeader struct {   Rate   int    `header:"Rate"`   //结构中添加header标签   Domain string `header:"Domain"` }  func main() {   r := gin.Default()   r.GET("/", func(c *gin.Context) {     h := testHeader{}      //ShouldBindHeader是c.ShouldBindWith(obj, binding.Header)的快捷方法     if err := c.ShouldBindHeader(&h); err != nil {       c.JSON(200, err)     }      fmt.Printf("%#v\n", h)     c.JSON(200, gin.H{"Rate": h.Rate, "Domain": h.Domain})   })    r.Run() }  //模拟请求 // curl -H "rate:300" -H "domain:music" http://localhost:8080/ // 参考输出: // {"Domain":"music","Rate":300}

绑定HTML复选框

将html与main.go放到一个目录,执行go run main.go运行后, 访问http://localhost:8080,勾选复选框,然后提交测试

main.go

package main  import (   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin" )  type myForm struct {   Colors []string `form:"colors[]"` //标签中的colors[]数组切片与html文件中的name="colors[]"对应 }  func main() {   r := gin.Default()    //LoadHTMLGlob采用通配符模式匹配HTML文件,并将内容进行渲染,提供给前端访问   r.LoadHTMLGlob("*.html")   r.GET("/", indexHandler)   r.POST("/", formHandler)    r.Run(":8080") }  func indexHandler(c *gin.Context) {   c.HTML(200, "form.html", nil) }  func formHandler(c *gin.Context) {   var fakeForm myForm   c.Bind(&fakeForm) //Bind方法根据请求头类型Content-Type, 自动选择合适的绑定引擎,如Json/XML   c.JSON(200, gin.H{"color": fakeForm.Colors}) }  //将html与main.go放到一个目录,执行go run main.go运行后, 访问http://localhost:8080,勾选复选框,然后提交测试

form.html

     
Check some colors
     Red          Green          Blue           

绑定Multipart/Urlencoded

使用ShouldBind方法结合结构体标签, 以及mime/multipart包完成多部分类型表单数据multipart/form-data或URL编码类型表单application/x-www-form-urlencoded数据进行绑定:

package main  import (   "github.com/gin-gonic/gin"   "mime/multipart"   "net/http" )  type ProfileForm struct {   Name   string                `form:"name" binding:"required"`   Avatar *multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"`    // or for multiple files   // Avatars []*multipart.FileHeader `form:"avatar" binding:"required"` }  func main() {   router := gin.Default()   router.POST("/profile", func(c *gin.Context) {     // you can bind multipart form with explicit binding declaration:  可以使用显示申明的方式,即用ShouldBindWith(&from, binding.Form)方法来绑定多部分类型表单multipart form     // c.ShouldBindWith(&form, binding.Form)     // or you can simply use autobinding with ShouldBind method:     var form ProfileForm     // in this case proper binding will be automatically selected     // 这里使用ShouldBind方法自动选择绑定器进行绑定     if err := c.ShouldBind(&form); err != nil {       c.String(http.StatusBadRequest, "bad request")       return     }     //保存上传的表单文件到指定的目标文件     err := c.SaveUploadedFile(form.Avatar, form.Avatar.Filename)     if err != nil {       c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "unknown error")       return     }     // db.Save(&form)     c.String(http.StatusOK, "ok")   })   router.Run(":8080") } //模拟测试: //curl -X POST -v --form name=user --form "avatar=@./avatar.png" http://localhost:8080/profile

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