Linux expect怎么使用

expect参数

启用选项

• -c:执行脚本前先执行的命令，可多次使用。
• -d:debug模式，可以在运行时输出一些诊断信息，与在脚本开始处使用exp_internal 1相似。
• -D:启用交换调式器,可设一整数参数。
• -f:从文件读取命令，仅用于使用#!时。如果文件名为"-"，则从stdin读取(使用"./-"从文件名为-的文件读取)。
• -i:交互式输入命令，使用"exit"或"EOF"退出输入状态。
• --:标示选项结束(如果你需要传递与expect选项相似的参数给脚本时)，可放到#!行:#!/usr/bin/expect --。
• -v:显示expect版本信息。

expect的4个命令

Expect中最关键的四个命令是send,expect,spawn,interact。

常用命令

`# 命令行参数``# $argv，参数数组，使用[lindex $argv n]获取，$argv 0为脚本名字``# $argc，参数个数``set` `username [lindex $argv 1]` `# 获取第1个参数``set` `passwd` `[lindex $argv 2]` `# 获取第2个参数``set` `timeout 30` `# 设置超时``# spawn是expect内部命令，开启ssh连接``spawn` `ssh` `-l username 192.168.1.1``# 判断上次输出结果里是否包含"password:"的字符串，如果有则立即返回，否则就等待一段时间(timeout)后返回``expect` `"password:"``# 发送内容ispass(密码、命令等)``send` `"ispass\r"``# 发送内容给用户``send_user` `"$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"``send_user` `"It's OK\r"``# 执行完成后保持交互状态，控制权交给控制台(手工操作)。否则会完成后会退出。``interact`

命令介绍

• close:关闭当前进程的连接。

• debug:控制调试器。

• disconnect:断开进程连接(进程仍在后台运行)。

• 定时读取密码、执行priv_prog

       `send_user` `"password?\ "`       `expect_user -re` `"(.*)\n"`       `for` `{} 1 {} {`       `if` `{[fork]!=0} {``sleep` `3600;``continue``}`       `disconnect`       `spawn priv_prog`       `expect Password:`       `send` `"$expect_out(1,string)\r"`       `. . .`       `exit`       `}`

• exit:退出expect。
• exp_continue [-continue_timer]:继续执行下面的匹配。
• exp_internal [-f file] value:

expect范例

1.远程登录并创建文件后退出

#!/usr/bin/expect           ##注意路径,使用 [whereis expect] 查看set user "hadoop"           ##设定参数,注意",'的区别set pwd "yangkun"set host "48.93.36.144"set timeout -1              ##;号可有可无spawn ssh -p 2020 $user@$hostexpect {                    ##expect后有空格   "*yes/no" {send "yes\r";exp_continue}   "*password:" {send "$pwd\r"}}expect "]*"                 ## 通配符,使用 ]* 有效, 使用  *# 无效send "touch /home/hadoop/aa.txt\r"expect "]*"send "echo hello world >> /home/hadoop/aa.txt\r"expect "]*"[interact]                  ##人为交互send "exit\r"               ##退出

2.配置免密登录并安装JDK

#!/bin/bash#!/usr/bin/expectSERVERS="114.114.114.114"       ##数组以空格分隔,可以为目标ip 或者hostNamePASSWORD="yangkun"## 实现免密登录配置的函数auto_ssh_copy_id() {   expect -c "set timeout -1;       spawn ssh-copy-id \"-p 2020 $1\";       ## 这里要注意,使用'或\'不可行       expect {           *(yes/no)* {send -- yes\r;exp_continue;}           *password:* {send -- $2\r;exp_continue;}           eof {exit 0;}       }";}## 循环执行,配置主机到从节点所有免密ssh_copy_id_to_all() {   for SERVER in $SERVERS              ## 取值需要加$   do       auto_ssh_copy_id $SERVER $PASSWORD   done    }## 调用循环配置函数ssh_copy_id_to_all## 批量部署for SERVER in $SERVERSdo   scp install.sh root@$SERVER:/root   ssh root@$SERVER /root/install.shdone

• 读取文件中的host配置

让脚本自动读取slaves文件中的机器名来批量安装cat slaves | while read hostdoecho $hostexpect -c "set timeout -fspawn ssh-copy-id $host"done

3.批量配置JDK,install.sh

#!/bin/bashBASE_SERVER=masterBASE_PATH=/home/hadoop/softTARGET_PATH=/usr/localJAVA_PATH=$TARGET_PATH/java## 1.判断是否存在文件夹,不存在则创建soft文件夹#if [ ! -d "$BASE_PATH" ]; then#   mkdir "$BASE_PATH"#fi## 2.从指定host拷贝jdk到目标机器上(已经拷贝文件夹)scp -r $BASE_SERVER:$BASE_PATH $BASE_PATH## 2.解压jdk到指定目录if [ ! -d "$JAVA_PATH" ]; then   sudo -S mkdir -p "$JAVA_PATH"fi## 赋予权限sudo -S chmod -R hadoop:hadoop $JAVA_PATHtar -zxvf $BASE_PATH/jdk1.8.0_121.tar.gz -C $JAVA_PATH#### 3.配置环境变量sudo -S cat>>/etc/profileexport JAVA_HOME=$JAVA_PATH/jdk1.8.0_121export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/binEOF

• 自动telnet会话

#!/usr/bin/expect -fset ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IPset userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为useridset mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ]  # 接收第4个参数，作为命令set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间# 向远程服务器请求打开一个telnet会话，并等待服务器询问用户名spawn telnet $ip   expect "username:"   # 输入用户名，并等待服务器询问密码   send "$userid\r"   expect "password:"   # 输入密码，并等待键入需要运行的命令   send "$mypassword\r"   expect "%"   # 输入预先定好的密码，等待运行结果   send "$mycommand\r"   expect "%"   # 将运行结果存入到变量中，显示出来或者写到磁盘中   set results $expect_out(buffer)   # 退出telnet会话，等待服务器的退出提示EOF   send "exit\r"   expect eof

4.自动建立FTP会话

  #!/usr/bin/expect -fset ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IPset userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为Useridset mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间# 向远程服务器请求打开一个FTP会话，并等待服务器询问用户名spawn ftp $ip   expect "username:"   # 输入用户名，并等待服务器询问密码   send "$userid\r"   expect "password:"   # 输入密码，并等待FTP提示符的出现   send "$mypassword\r"   expect "ftp>"   # 切换到二进制模式，并等待FTP提示符的出现   send "bin\r"   expect "ftp>"   # 关闭ftp的提示符   send "prompt\r"   expect "ftp>"   # 下载所有文件   send "mget *\r"   expect "ftp>"   # 退出此次ftp会话，并等待服务器的退出提示EOF   send "bye\r"   expect eof

• 自动登录ssh执行命令

#!/usr/bin/expectset IP     [lindex $argv 0]set USER   [lindex $argv 1]set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]set CMD    [lindex $argv 3]spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMDexpect {   "(yes/no)?" {       send "yes\r"       expect "password:"       send "$PASSWD\r"       }   "password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}   "* to host" {exit 1}   }expect eof

5.自动登录ssh

#!/usr/bin/expect -f  set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IPset username [lindex $argv 1 ]   # 接收第2个参数,作为usernameset mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间spawn ssh $username@$ip       # 发送ssh请求expect {                      # 返回信息匹配"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续  "*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" }    # 出现密码提示,发送密码  }interact        # 交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面

6.批量登录ssh服务器执行操作范例，设定增量的for循环

#!/usr/bin/expectfor {set i 10} {$i set timeout 30 set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0] spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com expect_before "no)?" { send "yes\r" } sleep 1 expect "password*" send "hello\r" expect "*#" send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r" expect "*#" send "echo\r"}exit

7.批量登录ssh并执行命令，foreach语法

#!/usr/bin/expectif {$argc!=2} {   send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"   exit}foreach i {11 12} {   set timeout 30   set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]   set password [lindex $argv 1]   spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user root@xxx.yy.com   expect_before "no)?" {   send "yes\r" }   sleep 1   expect "Enter passphrase for key*"   send "password\r"   expect "*#"   send "echo hello expect! > /tmp/expect.txt\r"   expect "*#"   send "echo\r"}exit

8.另一自动ssh范例，从命令行获取服务器IP，foreach语法，expect嵌套

   #!/usr/bin/expect# 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...set timeout 20if {$argc "Usage: script IPs" exit 1}# 替换你自己的用户名set user "username"#替换你自己的登录密码set password "yourpassword"foreach IP $argv {spawn ssh $user@$IPexpect \ "(yes/no)?" {   send "yes\r"   expect "password:?" {     send "$password\r"   } } "password:?" {   send "$password\r"}expect "\$?"# 替换你要执行的命令send "last\r"expect "\$?"sleep 10send "exit\r"expect eof}

9.批量ssh执行命令，用shell调用tclsh方式、多进程同时执行

*   tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter1#!/bin/sh# -*- tcl -*- \exec tclsh $0 "$@"package require Expectset username [lindex $argv 0]set password [lindex $argv 1]set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"foreach ip $argv {   spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh   lappend ids $spawn_id}expect_before -i ids eof {   set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]   set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]   if [llength $ids] exp_continue}expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {   send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r   exp_continue} -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {   send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r   exp_continue} -i ids "assword:" {   send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r   exp_continue} -i ids -re $prompt {   set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)   send "echo hello; exit\r"   exp_continue} timeout {   exit 1}

10.ssh登录过程常规提示文字

The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143[root@master003 ~]#root@192.168.16.90's password:Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102[root@lvsmaster ~]#

11.ssh自动登录expect脚本:ssh.expect

   #!/usr/bin/expect -f# Auther:YuanXing# Update:2014-02-08if {$argc "Usage:\n  $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"   puts stderr "argv error!\n"   sleep 1   exit 1}set ip         [lindex $argv 0 ]set user       [lindex $argv 1 ]set passwd     [lindex $argv 2 ]set port       [lindex $argv 3 ]set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]set timeout 6if {$port == ""} {   set port 22}#send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ipexpect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {   send "yes\r"}expect \"Enter passphrase for key*" {   send "$passphrase\r"   exp_continue} " password:?" {   send "$passwd\r"   exp_continue} "*\[#\\\$]" {   interact} "* to host" {   send_user "Connect faild!"   exit 2} timeout {   send_user "Connect timeout!"   exit 2} eof {   send_user "Lost connect!"   exit}

12.Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect

#!/bin/bash# TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftpBACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"PORT="22"USER="admin"PASS="123456"TMP=$(mktemp)TODAY=$(date +%F)FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"# create expect scriptcat > $TMP #exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debugset timeout -1spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAMEmatch_max 100000expect -exact "password:"send -- "$PASS\r"sleep 1expect " > "send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"expect " > "send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"expect " > "send -- "quit\r"expect eofEOF# run expect script#cat $TMP # Uncomment for debugexpect -f $TMP# remove expect scriptrm $TMP# download and remove backup files# "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing filescd ${BACKUP_DIR}echo " set xfer:clobber on get ${FILENAME}.rsc rm ${FILENAME}.rsc get ${FILENAME}.backup rm ${FILENAME}.backup" |lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME