python怎么爬取B站关注列表及数据库的设计与操作

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一、数据库的设计与操作

1、数据的分析

B站的关注列表在

https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/followings?vmid=UID&pn=1&ps=50&order=desc&order_type=attention

中，一页最多50条信息。

我们大致分析一下信息，

{        "code": 0,        "message": "0",        "ttl": 1,        "data": {                "list": [{……

首先，列表内容存在data:list里。

其次，对于列表中每一项，有如下信息

                     "mid": 672353429,                        "attribute": 2,                        "mtime": 1630510107,                        "tag": null,                        "special": 0,                        "contract_info": {                                "is_contractor": false,                                "ts": 0,                                "is_contract": false,                                "user_attr": 0                        },                        "uname": "贝拉kira",                        "face": "http://i2.hdslb.com/bfs/face/668af440f8a8065743d3fa79cfa8f017905d0065.jpg",                        "sign": "元气满满的A-SOUL舞担参上~目标TOP IDOL，一起加油！",                        "official_verify": {                                "type": 0,                                "desc": "虚拟偶像团体A-SOUL 所属艺人"                        },                        "vip": {                                "vipType": 2,                                "vipDueDate": 1674576000000,                                "dueRemark": "",                                "accessStatus": 0,                                "vipStatus": 1,                                "vipStatusWarn": "",                                "themeType": 0,                                "label": {                                        "path": "",                                        "text": "年度大会员",                                        "label_theme": "annual_vip",                                        "text_color": "#FFFFFF",                                        "bg_style": 1,                                        "bg_color": "#FB7299",                                        "border_color": ""                                },                                "avatar_subscript": 1,                                "nickname_color": "#FB7299",                                "avatar_subscript_url": "http://i0.hdslb.com/bfs/vip/icon_Certification_big_member_22_3x.png"                        }

其中，mid为用户独一无二的UID，vipType，0是什么都没开，1是大会员，2是年度大会员，official_verify中，type 0代表官方认证，-1代表没有官方认证。

同时我们发现，如果对方锁了列表，会返回

{"code":-400,"message":"请求错误","ttl":1}

2、数据库设计

基于这些，我们先设计数据库，包含两张表，用户信息的基本属性表和关注的关系表。

def createDB():    link=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')    print("database open success")    UserTableDDL='''                create table if not exists user(                UID int PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,                NAME varchar            NOT NULL,                SIGN varchar            DEFAULT NULL,                vipType int             NOT NULL,                verifyType int          NOT NULL,                verifyDesc varchar      DEFAULT NULL)                '''    RelationTableDDL='''                create table if not exists relation(                follower int           NOT NULL,                following int          NOT NULL,                followTime int         NOT NULL,                PRIMARY KEY (follower,following),                FOREIGN KEY(follower,following) REFERENCES user(UID,UID)                )                '''    # create user table    link.execute(UserTableDDL)    # create relation table    link.execute(RelationTableDDL)    print("database create success")    link.commit()    link.close()

3、数据库操作

其次是插入新用户的列表，我的思路是爬完一个人的关注列表，把一整个list丢给该函数，判断是否存在新增用户，存在则把新增用户传回，作为下一次爬虫的起点。

def insertUser(infos):    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')    link=conn.cursor()    InsertCmd="insert into user (UID,NAME,vipType,verifyType,sign,verifyDesc) values (?,?,?,?,?,?);"    ExistCmd="select count(UID) from user where UID='%d';"# % UID    newID=[]    for info in infos:        answer=link.execute(ExistCmd%info['uid'])        for row in answer:            exist_ID=row[0]        if exist_ID==0:            newID.append(info['uid'])            link.execute(InsertCmd,(info['uid'],info['name'],info['vipType'],info['verifyType'],info['sign'],info['verifyDesc']))    conn.commit()    conn.close()    return newID

然后是插入关系的函数，这个比较简单

def insertFollowing(uid:int,subscribe):    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')    link=conn.cursor()    InsertCmd="insert into relation (follower,following,followTime) values (?,?,?);"    for follow in subscribe:        link.execute(InsertCmd,(uid,follow[0],follow[1]))    conn.commit()    conn.close()

二、爬虫

通过观察，我们发现睿叔叔锁了5页的关注列表

即使是人工操作也只能访问5页，那没办法啦，我们就爬5页吧。

def getFollowingList(uid:int):    url="https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/followings?vmid=%d&pn=%d&ps=50&order=desc&order_type=attention&jsonp=jsonp"# % (UID, Page Number)    infos=[]    subscribe=[]    for i in range(1,6):        html=requests.get(url%(uid,i))        if html.status_code!=200:            print("GET ERROR!")        text=html.text        dic=json.loads(text)        if dic['code']==-400:            break        list=dic['data']['list']        for usr in list:            info={}            info['uid']=usr['mid']            info['name']=usr['uname']            info['vipType']=usr['vip']['vipType']            info['verifyType']=usr['official_verify']['type']            info['sign']=usr['sign']            if info['verifyType']==-1:                info['verifyDesc']='NULL'            else :                info['verifyDesc']=usr['official_verify']['desc']            subscribe.append((usr['mid'],usr['mtime']))            infos.append(info)    newID=insertUser(infos)    insertFollowing(uid,subscribe)    return newID

三、完整代码

#by concyclics# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-import sqlite3import jsonimport requestsdef createDB():    link=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')    print("database open success")    UserTableDDL='''                create table if not exists user(                UID int PRIMARY KEY     NOT NULL,                NAME varchar            NOT NULL,                SIGN varchar            DEFAULT NULL,                vipType int             NOT NULL,                verifyType int          NOT NULL,                verifyDesc varchar      DEFAULT NULL)                '''    RelationTableDDL='''                create table if not exists relation(                follower int           NOT NULL,                following int          NOT NULL,                followTime int         NOT NULL,                PRIMARY KEY (follower,following),                FOREIGN KEY(follower,following) REFERENCES user(UID,UID)                )                '''    # create user table    link.execute(UserTableDDL)    # create relation table    link.execute(RelationTableDDL)    print("database create success")    link.commit()    link.close()def insertUser(infos):    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')    link=conn.cursor()    InsertCmd="insert into user (UID,NAME,vipType,verifyType,sign,verifyDesc) values (?,?,?,?,?,?);"    ExistCmd="select count(UID) from user where UID='%d';"# % UID    newID=[]    for info in infos:        answer=link.execute(ExistCmd%info['uid'])        for row in answer:            exist_ID=row[0]        if exist_ID==0:            newID.append(info['uid'])            link.execute(InsertCmd,(info['uid'],info['name'],info['vipType'],info['verifyType'],info['sign'],info['verifyDesc']))    conn.commit()    conn.close()    return newIDdef insertFollowing(uid:int,subscribe):    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')    link=conn.cursor()    InsertCmd="insert into relation (follower,following,followTime) values (?,?,?);"    for follow in subscribe:        try:            link.execute(InsertCmd,(uid,follow[0],follow[1]))        except:            print((uid,follow[0],follow[1]))    conn.commit()    conn.close()def getFollowingList(uid:int):    url="https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/followings?vmid=%d&pn=%d&ps=50&order=desc&order_type=attention&jsonp=jsonp"# % (UID, Page Number)    infos=[]    subscribe=[]    for i in range(1,6):        html=requests.get(url%(uid,i))        if html.status_code!=200:            print("GET ERROR!")            return []        text=html.text        dic=json.loads(text)        if dic['code']==-400:            return []        try:            list=dic['data']['list']        except:            return []        for usr in list:            info={}            info['uid']=usr['mid']            info['name']=usr['uname']            info['vipType']=usr['vip']['vipType']            info['verifyType']=usr['official_verify']['type']            info['sign']=usr['sign']            if info['verifyType']==-1:                info['verifyDesc']='NULL'            else :                info['verifyDesc']=usr['official_verify']['desc']            subscribe.append((usr['mid'],usr['mtime']))            infos.append(info)    newID=insertUser(infos)    insertFollowing(uid,subscribe)    return newIDdef getFollowingUid(uid:int):    url="https://api.bilibili.com/x/relation/followings?vmid=%d&pn=%d&ps=50&order=desc&order_type=attention&jsonp=jsonp"# % (UID, Page Number)    for i in range(1,6):        html=requests.get(url%(uid,i))        if html.status_code!=200:            print("GET ERROR!")            return []        text=html.text        dic=json.loads(text)        if dic['code']==-400:            return []        try:            list=dic['data']['list']        except:            return []        IDs=[]        for usr in list:            IDs.append(usr['mid'])        return IDsdef work(root):    IDlist=root    tmplist=[]    while len(IDlist)!=0:        tmplist=[]        for ID in IDlist:            print(ID)            tmplist+=getFollowingList(ID)        IDlist=tmplistdef rework():    conn=sqlite3.connect('BiliFollowDB.db')    link=conn.cursor()    SelectCmd="select uid from user;"    answer=link.execute(SelectCmd)    IDs=[]    for row in answer:        IDs.append(row[0])    conn.commit()    conn.close()    newID=[]    print(IDs)    for ID in IDs:        ids=getFollowingUid(ID)        for id in ids:            if id not in IDs:                newID.append(id)    return newIDif __name__=="__main__":    createDB()    #work([**put root UID here**,])

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