Bash Shell有哪些内置命令

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内置命令的类型

1. Bourne Shell 内置命令：内置命令继承自 Bourne Shell。
   

2. Bash 内置命令：特定于 Bash 的内置命令表。

3. 修改 Shell 行为：修改 shell 属性和可选行为的内置命令。

4. 特别的内置命令：由 POSIX 特别分类的内置命令。

如何查看所有 bash 内置命令

有以下的命令：

$ help$ help | less$ help | grep read

样例输出：

GNU bash, version 4.1.5(1)-release (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu)These shell commands are defined internally.  Type `help' to see this list.Type `help name' to find out more about the function `name'.Use `info bash' to find out more about the shell in general.Use `man -k' or `info' to find out more about commands not in this list. A star (*) next to a name means that the command is disabled.  job_spec [&]                            history [-c] [-d offset] [n] or hist> (( expression ))                        if COMMANDS; then COMMANDS; [ elif C> . filename [arguments]                  jobs [-lnprs] [jobspec ...] or jobs > :                                       kill [-s sigspec | -n signum | -sigs> [ arg... ]                              let arg [arg ...] [[ expression ]]                        local [option] name[=value] ... alias [-p] [name[=value] ... ]          logout [n] bg [job_spec ...]                       mapfile [-n count] [-O origin] [-s c> bind [-lpvsPVS] [-m keymap] [-f filen>  popd [-n] [+N | -N] break [n]                               printf [-v var] format [arguments] builtin [shell-builtin [arg ...]]       pushd [-n] [+N | -N | dir] caller [expr]                           pwd [-LP] case WORD in [PATTERN [| PATTERN]...)>  read [-ers] [-a array] [-d delim] [-> cd [-L|-P] [dir]                        readarray [-n count] [-O origin] [-s> command [-pVv] command [arg ...]        readonly [-af] [name[=value] ...] or> compgen [-abcdefgjksuv] [-o option]  >  return [n] complete [-abcdefgjksuv] [-pr] [-DE] >  select NAME [in WORDS ... ;] do COMM> compopt [-o|+o option] [-DE] [name ..>  set [--abefhkmnptuvxBCHP] [-o option> continue [n]                            shift [n] coproc [NAME] command [redirections]    shopt [-pqsu] [-o] [optname ...] declare [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] [name[=val>  source filename [arguments] dirs [-clpv] [+N] [-N]                  suspend [-f] disown [-h] [-ar] [jobspec ...]         test [expr] echo [-neE] [arg ...]                   time [-p] pipeline enable [-a] [-dnps] [-f filename] [na>  times eval [arg ...]                          trap [-lp] [[arg] signal_spec ...] exec [-cl] [-a name] [command [argume>  true exit [n]                                type [-afptP] name [name ...] export [-fn] [name[=value] ...] or ex>  typeset [-aAfFilrtux] [-p] name[=val> false                                   ulimit [-SHacdefilmnpqrstuvx] [limit> fc [-e ename] [-lnr] [first] [last] o>  umask [-p] [-S] [mode] fg [job_spec]                           unalias [-a] name [name ...] for NAME [in WORDS ... ] ; do COMMAND>  unset [-f] [-v] [name ...] for (( exp1; exp2; exp3 )); do COMMAN>  until COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done function name { COMMANDS ; } or name >  variables - Names and meanings of so> getopts optstring name [arg]            wait [id] hash [-lr] [-p pathname] [-dt] [name >  while COMMANDS; do COMMANDS; done help [-dms] [pattern ...]               { COMMANDS ; }

另外一种选择是使用下列命令：

compgen -bcompgen -b | more

查看 Bash 的内置命令信息

运行以下得到详细信息：

help commandhelp read

要仅得到所有带简短描述的内置命令的列表，执行如下:

$ help -d

查找内置命令的语法和其他选项

使用下列语法去找出更多的相关内置命令：

help name help cd help fg help for help read help :

样例输出：

:: : Null command.  No effect; the command does nothing.  Exit Status: Always succeeds

找出一个命令是内部的（内置）还是外部的

使用 type 命令或 command 命令：

type -a command-name-here type -a cd type -a uname type -a : type -a ls

或者：

type -a cd uname : ls uname

样例输出：

cd is a shell builtinuname is /bin/uname: is a shell builtinls is aliased to `ls --color=auto'ls is /bin/lsl is a functionl (){ ls --color=auto}

或者：

command -V ls command -V cd command -V foo

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