Docker的简介与安装步骤

这篇文章主要介绍"Docker的简介与安装步骤"，在日常操作中，相信很多人在Docker的简介与安装步骤问题上存在疑惑，小编查阅了各式资料，整理出简单好用的操作方法，希望对大家解答"Docker的简介与安装步骤"的疑惑有所帮助！接下来，请跟着小编一起来学习吧！

Docker：

• Docker是开源应用容器引擎，轻量级容器技术。

• Docker可以让开发者打包他们的应用，依赖包及配置文件打包到一个轻量级，可移植的容器中，然后发布到任何流行的Linux系统上，也可以实现虚拟化。

• 容器完全使用沙箱技术，互相之间不会有任何接口。

• 类似于虚拟机技术（vmware，vitural），但docker直接运行再操作系统上，而不是运行再虚拟机中，速度块，，性能开销低。

  Docker支持将软件编译成一个镜像，然后再镜像中把各种软件做好配置，将镜像发布出去，其他使用者可以直接使用这个镜像。运行中的这个镜像称为容器，容器启动时非常快速的。

应用场景：

• Web应用的自动化打包和发布。

• 自动化测试和持续集成。

• 在服务型环境中部署和调整数据库或其他后台应用。

• 从头编译或扩展现有的OpenShift或Cloud Foundry平台来搭建自己的Paas环境。

Docker Client：

  Docker是C/S架构，客户端向守护进程发送请求，守护进程处理并返回给客户端。

Docker Daemon：

  Dcoekr Daemon为守护进程，后台运行，默认情况下，Docker Daemon只响应本地host的客户端请求，可以通过设置允许远程客户端请求。

Dcoker Image：

• 一个只读模板，可以用来创建容器，一个镜像可以创建多个容器。

• Docker提供了一个很简单的机制来创建和更新现有的镜像，甚至可以直接从其他人那里获取做好的镜像直接使用。

Docker Container：

• 容器基于镜像来启动，可运行一个或多个应用。

• Docker每个容器都是互相隔离的，保证安全。

Docker Registry：

• 仓库是集中存放镜像的场所，类似于git代码仓库等。

• 仓库和仓库注册服务区是有区别的。仓库注册服务器一般存放多个仓库，每个仓库又存放多个镜像，每个镜像又不同的标签。

• 仓库分为公有仓库和私有仓库。

• 最大的公有库为Docker Hub，国内有阿里云，daocloud等。

安装：

Docker官网：docs.docker.com

阿里云镜像站：mirrors.aliyun.com

gpgkey：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpgbaseurl：https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/

[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# lsCentOS-Base.repo       CentOS-Media.repoCentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-Sources.repoCentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Vault.repoCentOS-fasttrack.repo[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# vim Ali-docker.repo[Aliyun_docker]name=aliyun.com_dockerbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/enabled=1gpgcheck=1gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# yum -y install docker-ce[root[@localhost](https://my.oschina.net/u/570656) yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker versionClient: Docker Engine - Community    Version:           19.03.3    API version:       1.40    Go version:        go1.12.10    Git commit:        a872fc2f86    Built:             Tue Oct  8 00:58:10 2019    OS/Arch:           linux/amd64    Experimental:      falseServer: Docker Engine - Community    Engine:    Version:          19.03.3    API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12)    Go version:       go1.12.10    Git commit:       a872fc2f86    Built:            Tue Oct  8 00:56:46 2019    OS/Arch:          linux/amd64    Experimental:     false    containerd:    Version:          1.2.6    GitCommit:        894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb    runc:    Version:          1.0.0-rc8    GitCommit:        425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f    docker-init:    Version:          0.18.0    GitCommit:        fec3683

镜像加速：

Docker国内镜像站：daocloud.io

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# curl -sSL https://get.daocloud.io/daotools/set_mirror.sh | sh -s http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.iodocker version >= 1.12{"registry-mirrors": ["http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"]}Success.You need to restart docker to take effect: sudo systemctl restart docker [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart docker[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker infoClient: Debug Mode: falseServer: Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0 Images: 0 Server Version: 19.03.3 Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: xfs Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: false Logging Driver: json-file Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs Plugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslog Swarm: inactive Runtimes: runc Default Runtime: runc Init Binary: docker-init containerd version: 894b81a4b802e4eb2a91d1ce216b8817763c29fb runc version: 425e105d5a03fabd737a126ad93d62a9eeede87f init version: fec3683 Security Options: seccomp Profile: default Kernel Version: 3.10.0-514.el7.x86_64 Operating System: CentOS Linux 7 (Core) OSType: linux Architecture: x86_64 CPUs: 2 Total Memory: 3.686GiB Name: localhost ID: KBZD:H3B4:ZFHE:KSPT:6IWI:QEVA:AFJV:EUR3:OJEB:HVJI:R5GW:GEZC Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker Debug Mode: false Registry: https://index.docker.io/v1/  #Registry已经改变为daocloud。 Labels: Experimental: false Insecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8 Registry Mirrors: http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io/ Live Restore Enabled: false[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json   #可以通过这个文件来修改镜像源。{"registry-mirrors": ["http://f1361db2.m.daocloud.io"]}

下载镜像：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull httpdUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/httpdImage docker.io/library/httpd:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/b8f262c62ec6: Pull complete 2c31b9311798: Pull complete 7422a3cdf4e3: Pull complete 1919d4fbf9e1: Pull complete 60812fa1ab4c: Pull complete Digest: sha256:729508026fba8e00c15e2770f9eed52706b4065b68f29e4871222e22c3725bb7Status: Downloaded newer image for httpd:latestdocker.io/library/httpd:latest[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull centosUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/centosImage docker.io/library/centos:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/729ec3a6ada3: Pull complete Digest: sha256:72942f390a71a1ecdebd4151c9bc4ff186fe8e480adcd7ddec84427118785482Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latestdocker.io/library/centos:latest[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull busyboxUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/busyboxImage docker.io/library/busybox:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/7c9d20b9b6cd: Pull complete Digest: sha256:be38efcd3a8289ff66e60c5652beed36968eeb856ae5d90f3cf02ea81e4a57daStatus: Downloaded newer image for busybox:latestdocker.io/library/busybox:latest[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull ubuntuUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/ubuntuImage docker.io/library/ubuntu:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/5667fdb72017: Pull complete d83811f270d5: Pull complete ee671aafb583: Pull complete 7fc152dfb3a6: Pull complete Digest: sha256:ae7933206172662ff785dbf595a6f09e9d43858fa865725a9c51c589ed482901Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latestdocker.io/library/ubuntu:latest[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull registry:22: Pulling from library/registryImage docker.io/library/registry:2 uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/c87736221ed0: Pull complete 1cc8e0bb44df: Pull complete 54d33bcb37f5: Pull complete e8afc091c171: Pull complete b4541f6d3db6: Pull complete Digest: sha256:b224aa2d9a6397e9102b0b887a3e92496eadd76872efb7595bed97f9b76d2056Status: Downloaded newer image for registry:2docker.io/library/registry:2[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull progrium/consulUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from progrium/consulImage docker.io/progrium/consul:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/c862d82a67a2: Pull complete 0e7f3c08384e: Pull complete 0e221e32327a: Pull complete 09a952464e47: Pull complete 60a1b927414d: Pull complete 4c9f46b5ccce: Pull complete 417d86672aa4: Pull complete b0d47ad24447: Pull complete fd5300bd53f0: Pull complete a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete d023b445076e: Pull complete ba8851f89e33: Pull complete 5d1cefca2a28: Pull complete Digest: sha256:8cc8023462905929df9a79ff67ee435a36848ce7a10f18d6d0faba9306b97274Status: Downloaded newer image for progrium/consul:latestdocker.io/progrium/consul:latest[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# docker pull progrium/stressUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from progrium/stressImage docker.io/progrium/stress:latest uses outdated schema1 manifest format. Please upgrade to a schema2 image for better future compatibility. More information at https://docs.docker.com/registry/spec/deprecated-schema-v1/a3ed95caeb02: Pull complete 871c32dbbb53: Pull complete dbe7819a64dd: Pull complete d14088925c6e: Pull complete 58026d51efe4: Pull complete 7d04a4fe1405: Pull complete 1775fca35fb6: Pull complete 5c319e267908: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e34d56d60f5caae79333cee395aae93b74791d50e3841986420d23c2ee4697bfStatus: Downloaded newer image for progrium/stress:latestdocker.io/progrium/stress:latest

Docker进程监听：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.serviceExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// -H tcp://0.0.0.0 --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock   #添加：-H tcp://0.0.0.0[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# systemctl restart docker

docker远程操作：

被连接端：

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# netstat -anput | grep dockertcp6     0      0 :::2375                 :::*                    LISTEN      7211/dockerd    [root@localhost yum.repos.d]# iptables -F  #需要放行2375端口。[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# iptables-save

主动连接端：

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start docker[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F  [root@localhost ~]# iptables-save [root@localhost ~]# docker -H 被连接端ip options

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