mysql中整数数据类型tinyint怎么使用

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1.1 tinyint类型说明

#### 格式id       tinyint(M)                 [unsigned]     [zerofill]字段名  数据类型(显示长度,不指定指定)     无符号          无符号且前导零填充#### 关于tinyint最大数值是怎样得来的tinyint占用1字节,1字节占用8位，经过换算(2的8次方减1)就是255;#### 关于加上unsigned后的说明加上unsigned属性后就是无符号(范围是0~255的整数,因为是整数,不会有符号"-",所以就是无符号)#### 关于加上zerofill后的说明zerofill属性会把unsigned属性也给带上,这样就是无符号（范围是0~255，显示长度就是3），同时还会进行前导零填充（没有达到显示长度的数值，例如：你插入1，显示的是001）。#### 不加unsigned和zerofill的说明字段后面不加上这两个属性中的任何一个,就表示是有符号(范围是-128~127,因为有符号"-",所有是有符号)。

1.2 实践环境说明

#### 数据库版本和默认的存储引擎mysql> select @@version,@@default_storage_engine;+------------+--------------------------+| @@version  | @@default_storage_engine |+------------+--------------------------+| 5.7.28-log | InnoDB                   |+------------+--------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)  #### 创建chenliang库mysql> create database if not exists chenliang;Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) mysql> show databases like "chenliang";+----------------------+| Database (chenliang) |+----------------------+| chenliang            |+----------------------+1 row in set (0.03 sec)  #### 进入chenliang库,并查看是否成功进入到库下面mysql> use chenliang;Database changed mysql> select database();+------------+| database() |+------------+| chenliang  |+------------+1 row in set (0.01 sec)#### 查看事务是否自动提交mysql> select @@global.autocommit;+---------------------+| @@global.autocommit |+---------------------+|                   1 |+---------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1.3 加unsigned属性

1.3.1 SQL模式开启严格模式

SQL_MODE中开启了严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

#### 设置会话模式下的sql_mode中包含strict_trans_tablesmysql> set session sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@sql_mode\G*************************** 1. row ***************************@@sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION1 row in set (0.00 sec)#### 创建test1测试表（这里指定了UNSIGNED，也就是无符号）mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test1(    ->  id tinyint UNSIGNED    -> )engine=innodb character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) 　  　 ## id字段类型是tinyint unsigned,范围就是0~255,其长度是3;因为255的长度是3;#### 查看test1表的表结构mysql> desc test1;+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id    | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.03 sec)#### 测试插入范围0~255范围整数和不在该范围内的整数mysql> insert into test1 values(-1);   # 插入数值-1,错误(不在0~255范围内)ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1 mysql> insert into test1 values(0);    # 插入数值0,正常(在0~255范围内)Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> insert into test1 values(255);  # 插入数值255,正常(在0~255范围内)Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> insert into test1 values(256);  # 插入数值256,错误(不在0~255范围内)ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1mysql> select * from test1;+------+| id   |+------+|    0 ||  255 |+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1.3.2 SQL模式未开启严格模式

SQL_MODE未开启严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中不包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

#### 设置会话模式下sql_mode中不包含strit_trans_tables变量mysql> set session sql_mode="NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@sql_mode\G*************************** 1. row ***************************@@sql_mode: NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION1 row in set (0.00 sec)#### 创建test11表（这里指定了UNSIGNED，也就是无符号）mysql> create table if not exists test11(    -> id tinyint unsigned    -> )engine=innodb character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 　## id字段类型是tinyint unsigned,范围就是0~255,其长度是3;因为255的长度是3;#### 查看test11表的表结构mysql> desc test11;+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type                | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id    | tinyint(3) unsigned | YES  |     | NULL    |       |+-------+---------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec)#### 测试插入范围0~255范围整数和不在该范围内的整数mysql> insert into test11(id) values(-1);Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)　　 ## 不在范围内,插入没有报错(因为sql_mode中没有开启严格模式)　　 ## 插入到表中的数据不是-1,而是0 mysql> insert into test11(id) values(0);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)    ## 没报错,因为在范围内,插入到表中的也是0 mysql> insert into test11(id) values(255);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)    ## 没报错,因为在范围内,插入到表中的也是255 mysql> insert into test11(id) values(256);Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)　　 ## 不在范围内,插入没有报错(因为sql_mode中没有开启严格模式)　　 ## 插入到表中的数据不是256,而是255  mysql> select * from test11;+------+| id   |+------+|    0 ||    0 ||  255 ||  255 |+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1.4 加zerofill属性

1.4.1 SQL模式开启严格模式

SQL_MODE中开启了严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

## 设置会话模式下的sql_mode中包含strict_trans_tablesmysql> set session sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@sql_mode\G*************************** 1. row ***************************@@sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION1 row in set (0.00 sec) ## 创建test2测试表（这里指定了zerofill,会前导零填充,同时还会带上unsigned）mysql> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test2(    -> id tinyint zerofill    -> )engine=innodb character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)     ## id字段类型是tinyint zerofill,范围就是0~255,其长度是3;因为255的长度是3; ## 查看test2表的表结构mysql> desc test2;+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type                         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id    | tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill | YES  |     | NULL    |       |+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) ## 测试插入范围0~255范围整数和不在该范围内的整数mysql> insert into test2 values(-1);   # 插入数值-1,错误(不在0~255范围内)ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1 mysql> insert into test2 values(0);    # 插入数值0,正常(在0~255范围内)Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec) mysql> insert into test2 values(255);  # 插入数值255,正常(在0~255范围内)Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec) mysql> insert into test2 values(256);  # 插入数值256,错误(不在0~255范围内)ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1 mysql> select * from test2;+------+| id   |+------+|  000 ||  255 |+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1.4.2 SQL模式未开启严格模式

SQL_MODE未开启严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中不包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

## 设置会话模式下sql_mode中不包含strit_trans_tables变量mysql> set session sql_mode="NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)mysql> select @@sql_mode\G*************************** 1. row ***************************@@sql_mode: NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION1 row in set (0.00 sec)## 创建test22表（这里指定了zerofill,会前导零填充,同时还会带上unsigned）mysql> create table if not exists test22(    -> id tinyint zerofill    -> )engine=innodb character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) 　## id字段类型是tinyint unsigned,范围就是0~255,其长度是3;因为255的长度是3; ## 查看test22表的表结构mysql> desc test22;+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type                         | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id    | tinyint(3) unsigned zerofill | YES  |     | NULL    |       |+-------+------------------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) ## 测试插入范围0~255范围整数和不在该范围内的整数mysql> insert into test22(id) values(-1);Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)　　## 不在范围,插入没报错(因为sql_mode中没有开启严格模式);　　## 但到表中的不是-1,而是0,但因为有zerofill参数,所以显示时会前导零序填充; mysql> insert into test22(id) values(0);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)　　## 没报错,因为在范围内,插入到表中的也是0 mysql> insert into test22(id) values(255);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)　　## 没报错,因为在范围内,插入到表中的也是255 mysql> insert into test22(id) values(256); Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)　　## 不在范围,插入没报错（sql_mode中没有开启严格模式）　　## 但到表中的数据不是256,而是255 mysql> select * from test22;+------+| id   |+------+|  000 ||  000 ||  255 ||  255 |+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1.5 不加unsigned和zerofill属性

1.5.1 SQL模式开启严格模式

SQL_MODE中开启了严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

## 设置会话模式下的sql_mode中包含strict_trans_tablesmysql> set session sql_mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@sql_mode\G*************************** 1. row ***************************@@sql_mode: STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION1 row in set (0.00 sec) ## 创建test3表（不加unsigned和zerofill）mysql> CREATE TABLE test3(    -> id tinyint    -> )engine=innodb character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.06 sec) 　　## id字段的类型为tinyint,其范围是-128至127,其显示长度是4,因为要显示符号("-") ## 查看test3表的表结构mysql> desc test3;+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id    | tinyint(4) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.01 sec) ## 测试插入-128~127范围的整数和不在该范围内的整数mysql> insert into test3(id) values(-129);  # 插入数值-129,错误,不在范围内ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1 mysql> insert into test3(id) values(-128);  # 插入数值-128,正确,在范围内Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)mysql> insert into test3(id) values(127);   # 插入数值127,正确,在范围内Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> insert into test3(id) values(128);   # 插入数值128,错误,不在范围内ERROR 1264 (22003): Out of range value for column 'id' at row 1 mysql> select * from test3;+------+| id   |+------+| -128 ||  127 |+------+2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

1.5.2 SQL模式未开启严格模式

SQL_MODE中未开启严格模式,即SQL_MODE参数中不包含STRICT_TRANS_TABLES参数

## 设置会话模式下sql_mode中不包含strit_trans_tables变量mysql> set session sql_mode="NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION";Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> select @@sql_mode\G*************************** 1. row ***************************@@sql_mode: NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION1 row in set (0.00 sec) ## 创建test33表（不加unsigned和zerofill）mysql> CREATE TABLE test33(    -> id tinyint    -> )engine=innodb character set utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)　　## id字段的类型为tinyint,其范围是-128至127,其显示长度是4,因为要显示符号("-") ## 查看test33表的表结构mysql> desc test33;+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| Field | Type       | Null | Key | Default | Extra |+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+| id    | tinyint(4) | YES  |     | NULL    |       |+-------+------------+------+-----+---------+-------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) ## 测试插入-128~127范围的整数和不在该范围内的整数mysql> insert into test33(id) values(-129);Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)　　## 不在范围内,插入未报错,因为sql_mode中没有开启严格模式　　## 插入到表中的不是-129,而是-128; mysql> insert into test33(id) values(-128);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)　　## 在范围内,插入不报错,插入的是多少就是多少 mysql> insert into test33(id) values(127);Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)　　## 在范围内,插入不报错,插入的是多少就是多少 mysql> insert into test33(id) values(128);Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec)　　## 不在范围内,插入未报错,因为sql_mode中没有开启严格模式　　## 插入到表中的不是128,而是127; mysql> select * from test33;+------+| id   |+------+| -128 || -128 ||  127 ||  127 |+------+4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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