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hadoop中hdfs API怎么用

发表于：2026-11-01 作者：千家信息网编辑

千家信息网最后更新 2026年11月01日，这篇文章给大家分享的是有关hadoop中hdfs API怎么用的内容。小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，一起跟随小编过来看看吧。利用hdfs的api，可以实现向hdfs的文件、目录读写，利用这

千家信息网最后更新 2026年11月01日hadoop中hdfs API怎么用

这篇文章给大家分享的是有关hadoop中hdfs API怎么用的内容。小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，一起跟随小编过来看看吧。

利用hdfs的api，可以实现向hdfs的文件、目录读写，利用这一套API可以设计一个简易的山寨版云盘，见下图：

为了方便操作,将常用的文件读写操作封装了一个工具类:

1 import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;  2 import org.apache.hadoop.fs.*;  3 import org.apache.hadoop.io.IOUtils;  4   5 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;  6 import java.io.IOException;  7 import java.io.InputStream;  8 import java.io.OutputStream;  9  10 /** 11  * HDFS工具类 12  * Author: 菩提树下的杨过(http://yjmyzz.cnblogs.com) 13  * Since: 2015-05-21 14  */ 15 public class HDFSUtil { 16  17  18     private HDFSUtil() { 19  20     } 21  22     /** 23      * 判断路径是否存在 24      * 25      * @param conf 26      * @param path 27      * @return 28      * @throws IOException 29      */ 30     public static boolean exits(Configuration conf, String path) throws IOException { 31         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 32         return fs.exists(new Path(path)); 33     } 34  35     /** 36      * 创建文件 37      * 38      * @param conf 39      * @param filePath 40      * @param contents 41      * @throws IOException 42      */ 43     public static void createFile(Configuration conf, String filePath, byte[] contents) throws IOException { 44         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 45         Path path = new Path(filePath); 46         FSDataOutputStream outputStream = fs.create(path); 47         outputStream.write(contents); 48         outputStream.close(); 49         fs.close(); 50     } 51  52     /** 53      * 创建文件 54      * 55      * @param conf 56      * @param filePath 57      * @param fileContent 58      * @throws IOException 59      */ 60     public static void createFile(Configuration conf, String filePath, String fileContent) throws IOException { 61         createFile(conf, filePath, fileContent.getBytes()); 62     } 63  64     /** 65      * @param conf 66      * @param localFilePath 67      * @param remoteFilePath 68      * @throws IOException 69      */ 70     public static void copyFromLocalFile(Configuration conf, String localFilePath, String remoteFilePath) throws IOException { 71         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 72         Path localPath = new Path(localFilePath); 73         Path remotePath = new Path(remoteFilePath); 74         fs.copyFromLocalFile(true, true, localPath, remotePath); 75         fs.close(); 76     } 77  78     /** 79      * 删除目录或文件 80      * 81      * @param conf 82      * @param remoteFilePath 83      * @param recursive 84      * @return 85      * @throws IOException 86      */ 87     public static boolean deleteFile(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath, boolean recursive) throws IOException { 88         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf); 89         boolean result = fs.delete(new Path(remoteFilePath), recursive); 90         fs.close(); 91         return result; 92     } 93  94     /** 95      * 删除目录或文件(如果有子目录,则级联删除) 96      * 97      * @param conf 98      * @param remoteFilePath 99      * @return100      * @throws IOException101      */102     public static boolean deleteFile(Configuration conf, String remoteFilePath) throws IOException {103         return deleteFile(conf, remoteFilePath, true);104     }105 106     /**107      * 文件重命名108      *109      * @param conf110      * @param oldFileName111      * @param newFileName112      * @return113      * @throws IOException114      */115     public static boolean renameFile(Configuration conf, String oldFileName, String newFileName) throws IOException {116         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);117         Path oldPath = new Path(oldFileName);118         Path newPath = new Path(newFileName);119         boolean result = fs.rename(oldPath, newPath);120         fs.close();121         return result;122     }123 124     /**125      * 创建目录126      *127      * @param conf128      * @param dirName129      * @return130      * @throws IOException131      */132     public static boolean createDirectory(Configuration conf, String dirName) throws IOException {133         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);134         Path dir = new Path(dirName);135         boolean result = fs.mkdirs(dir);136         fs.close();137         return result;138     }139 140     /**141      * 列出指定路径下的所有文件(不包含目录)142      *143      * @param conf144      * @param basePath145      * @param recursive146      */147     public static RemoteIterator listFiles(FileSystem fs, String basePath, boolean recursive) throws IOException {148 149         RemoteIterator fileStatusRemoteIterator = fs.listFiles(new Path(basePath), recursive);150 151         return fileStatusRemoteIterator;152     }153 154     /**155      * 列出指定路径下的文件（非递归）156      *157      * @param conf158      * @param basePath159      * @return160      * @throws IOException161      */162     public static RemoteIterator listFiles(Configuration conf, String basePath) throws IOException {163         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);164         RemoteIterator remoteIterator = fs.listFiles(new Path(basePath), false);165         fs.close();166         return remoteIterator;167     }168 169     /**170      * 列出指定目录下的文件\子目录信息（非递归）171      *172      * @param conf173      * @param dirPath174      * @return175      * @throws IOException176      */177     public static FileStatus[] listStatus(Configuration conf, String dirPath) throws IOException {178         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);179         FileStatus[] fileStatuses = fs.listStatus(new Path(dirPath));180         fs.close();181         return fileStatuses;182     }183 184 185     /**186      * 读取文件内容187      *188      * @param conf189      * @param filePath190      * @return191      * @throws IOException192      */193     public static String readFile(Configuration conf, String filePath) throws IOException {194         String fileContent = null;195         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);196         Path path = new Path(filePath);197         InputStream inputStream = null;198         ByteArrayOutputStream outputStream = null;199         try {200             inputStream = fs.open(path);201             outputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(inputStream.available());202             IOUtils.copyBytes(inputStream, outputStream, conf);203             fileContent = outputStream.toString();204         } finally {205             IOUtils.closeStream(inputStream);206             IOUtils.closeStream(outputStream);207             fs.close();208         }209         return fileContent;210     }211 }

简单的测试了一下:

1     @Test 2     public void test() throws IOException { 3         Configuration conf = new Configuration(); 4         String newDir = "/test"; 5         //01.检测路径是否存在 测试 6         if (HDFSUtil.exits(conf, newDir)) { 7             System.out.println(newDir + " 已存在!"); 8         } else { 9             //02.创建目录测试10             boolean result = HDFSUtil.createDirectory(conf, newDir);11             if (result) {12                 System.out.println(newDir + " 创建成功!");13             } else {14                 System.out.println(newDir + " 创建失败!");15             }16         }17         String fileContent = "Hi,hadoop. I love you";18         String newFileName = newDir + "/myfile.txt";19 20         //03.创建文件测试21         HDFSUtil.createFile(conf, newFileName, fileContent);22         System.out.println(newFileName + " 创建成功");23 24         //04.读取文件内容 测试25         System.out.println(newFileName + " 的内容为:\n" + HDFSUtil.readFile(conf, newFileName));26 27         //05. 测试获取所有目录信息28         FileStatus[] dirs = HDFSUtil.listStatus(conf, "/");29         System.out.println("--根目录下的所有子目录---");30         for (FileStatus s : dirs) {31             System.out.println(s);32         }33 34         //06. 测试获取所有文件35         FileSystem fs = FileSystem.get(conf);36         RemoteIterator files = HDFSUtil.listFiles(fs, "/", true);37         System.out.println("--根目录下的所有文件---");38         while (files.hasNext()) {39             System.out.println(files.next());40         }41         fs.close();42 43         //删除文件测试44         boolean isDeleted = HDFSUtil.deleteFile(conf, newDir);45         System.out.println(newDir + " 已被删除");46 47     }

注:测试时,不要忘记了在resources目录下放置core-site.xml文件,不然IDE环境下,代码不知道去连哪里的HDFS

输出结果：

/test 已存在!
/test/myfile.txt 创建成功
/test/myfile.txt 的内容为:
Hi,hadoop. I love you
--根目录下的所有子目录---
FileStatus{path=hdfs://172.28.20.102:9000/jimmy; isDirectory=true; modification_time=1432176691550; access_time=0; owner=hadoop; group=supergroup; permission=rwxrwxrwx; isSymlink=false}
FileStatus{path=hdfs://172.28.20.102:9000/test; isDirectory=true; modification_time=1432181331362; access_time=0; owner=jimmy; group=supergroup; permission=rwxr-xr-x; isSymlink=false}
FileStatus{path=hdfs://172.28.20.102:9000/user; isDirectory=true; modification_time=1431931797244; access_time=0; owner=hadoop; group=supergroup; permission=rwxr-xr-x; isSymlink=false}
--根目录下的所有文件---
LocatedFileStatus{path=hdfs://172.28.20.102:9000/jimmy/input/README.txt; isDirectory=false; length=1366; replication=1; blocksize=134217728; modification_time=1431922483851; access_time=1432174134018; owner=hadoop; group=supergroup; permission=rw-r--r--; isSymlink=false}
LocatedFileStatus{path=hdfs://172.28.20.102:9000/jimmy/output/_SUCCESS; isDirectory=false; length=0; replication=3; blocksize=134217728; modification_time=1432176692454; access_time=1432176692448; owner=jimmy; group=supergroup; permission=rw-r--r--; isSymlink=false}
LocatedFileStatus{path=hdfs://172.28.20.102:9000/jimmy/output/part-r-00000; isDirectory=false; length=1306; replication=3; blocksize=134217728; modification_time=1432176692338; access_time=1432176692182; owner=jimmy; group=supergroup; permission=rw-r--r--; isSymlink=false}
LocatedFileStatus{path=hdfs://172.28.20.102:9000/test/myfile.txt; isDirectory=false; length=21; replication=3; blocksize=134217728; modification_time=1432181331601; access_time=1432181331362; owner=jimmy; group=supergroup; permission=rw-r--r--; isSymlink=false}
/test 已被删除