华为网络——浮动路由与VRRP原理

内容要点

1、浮动路由
2、VRRP

注意事项

1、浮动路由默认是优先级是60，越小越优先，如果是第二条路由
优先级是比默认的要大，一般配置60以上

2、VRRP ：(公有协议)
在多个路由器之间运行，
可以虚拟出一个或者多个网关IP地址(虚拟路由器)；
从而实现内网不同网段之间的互通；

3、VRRP的工作过程：
●运行VRRP的"多个"路由器之间通过 VRRP 报文的交互，从而选择
出一个最牛的路由器，作为 Master 路由器 ，以后就用来这个设备来转发数据包；
●Master 路由器，仅仅只有一个；其他的路由器称之为 backup 路由器；
●同时，Master 和 Backup 路由器，会产生一个虚拟的路由器，也就是一个

主：配虚拟IP地址、优先级（默认100、链路down减10）一般120、监听上层口和下层口
备：配虚拟IP地址、优先级（默认100、链路down减10）一般115、不需要监听上层口和下层口

拓扑结构

配置步骤

第一步:配置设备名为LSW1的三层交换机

sys[Huawei]sysname SW1[SW1]vlan batch 10 20 100[SW1]int g0/0/2[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 100[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]dis this#interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 port link-type access port default vlan 100#[SW1]int vlanif10[SW1-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.10 24   [SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1##创建虚拟IP[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 120##设定优先级为120[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/1[SW1-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 track interface g0/0/2##监听自身的两个接口状态[SW1-Vlanif10]dis this#interface Vlanif10 ip address 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.0 vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1 vrrp vrid 1 priority 120 vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/2#[SW1-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20[SW1-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.10 24[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1[SW1-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 115##配置优先级为115[SW1]int vlanif 100[SW1-Vlanif100]ip add 11.0.0.2 30[SW1-Vlanif100]q[SW1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 11.0.0.1##配置默认路由

第二步:配置设备名为LSW2的三层交换机

sys[Huawei]sysname SW2 [SW2]vlan batch 10 20 100[SW2]int g0/0/2[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type access[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port default vlan 100[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh[SW2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int vlanif 10[SW2-Vlanif10]ip add 192.168.10.20 24[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.1[SW2-Vlanif10]vrrp vrid 1 priority 115[SW2-Vlanif10]int vlanif 20[SW2-Vlanif20]ip add 192.168.20.20 24[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 virtual-ip 192.168.20.1[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 priority 120[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 track interface g0/0/1[SW2-Vlanif20]vrrp vrid 2 track interface g0/0/2[SW2]int vlanif 100[SW2-Vlanif100]ip add 12.0.0.2 30[SW2-Vlanif100]q    [SW2]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.0.0.1

第三步:配置设备名R1的路由器

sys[Huawei]sysname R1[R1]int g 0/0/0[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 11.0.0.1 30[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g 0/0/1[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 12.0.0.1 30[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int loop 0[R1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 24[R1-LoopBack0]q[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 11.0.0.2[R1]ip route-static 192.168.10.0 24 12.0.0.2 preference 70[R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 12.0.0.2 [R1]ip route-static 192.168.20.0 24 11.0.0.2 preference 70

第四步:配置设备名LSW3的二层交换机

sys[Huawei]sysname sw3[SW3]vlan batch 10 20 [SW3]int e0/0/1[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port link-type access [SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]port default vlan 10[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]un shInfo: Interface Ethernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.[SW3-Ethernet0/0/1]int e0/0/2[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port link-type access    [SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]port default vlan 20[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]un shInfo: Interface Ethernet0/0/2 is not shutdown.[SW3-Ethernet0/0/2]int g0/0/1[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port link-type trunk  [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]un sh[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2[SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port link-type trunk [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]port trunk allow-pass vlan all [SW3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]un sh 

第五步:测试网络互通性

PC1>ping 1.1.1.1 Ping 1.1.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=93 msFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=47 msFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=47 msFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=62 msFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=63 ms--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---  5 packet(s) transmitted  5 packet(s) received  0.00% packet loss  round-trip min/avg/max = 47/62/93 msPC2>ping 1.1.1.1Ping 1.1.1.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to breakFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=254 time=109 msFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=254 time=63 msFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=254 time=62 msFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=254 time=63 msFrom 1.1.1.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=254 time=47 ms--- 1.1.1.1 ping statistics ---  5 packet(s) transmitted  5 packet(s) received  0.00% packet loss  round-trip min/avg/max = 47/68/109 ms

第六步:模拟线网主链路故障,另一条链路替代运行

[SW1]int g0/0/1[SW1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]shutdown