Python怎么实现RSA加密解密

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一、安装模块

pip install pycryptodome

二、生成密钥对

• 密钥对文件生成和读取

• 代码：

from Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):    '''    创建rsa公钥私钥对    :param is_save: default:False    :return: public_key, private_key    '''    f = RSA.generate(2048)    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥    if is_save:        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:            f.write(private_key)        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:            f.write(public_key)    return public_key, private_keydef read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:        b = x.read()        return bdef read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:        b = x.read()        return b

三、加密

• 流程：输入文本（str）→字符串编码（默认utf-8）（bytes）→rsa加密（bytes）→base64编码（bytes）→解码为字符串（str）

代码：

import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):        # 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）        text = text.encode('utf-8')        # 构建公钥对象        cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))        # 加密（bytes）        text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)         # base64编码，并转为字符串        text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted ).decode()        return text_encrypted_base64         if __name__ == '__main__':        public_key = read_public_key()        text = '123456'        text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)        print('密文：',text_encrypted_base64)

四、解密

• 说明：解密流程与加密流程相反（按照加密流程逆序解密）

• 流程：输入文本（str）→字符串编码（默认utf-8）（bytes）→base64解码（bytes）→rsa解密（bytes）→解码为字符串（str）

• 代码：

import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto import Randomfrom Crypto.PublicKey import RSAdef decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):        # 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）        text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')        # base64解码        text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64 )        # 构建私钥对象        cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))        # 解密（bytes）        text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted , Random.new().read)        # 解码为字符串        text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()        return text_decrypted         if __name__ == '__main__':        # 生成密文        public_key = read_public_key()        text = '123456'        text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)        print('密文：',text_encrypted_base64)                # 解密        private_key = read_private_key()        text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)        print('明文：',text_decrypted)

五、完整代码

import base64from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5from Crypto import Randomfrom Crypto.PublicKey import RSA# ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):    '''    创建rsa公钥私钥对    :param is_save: default:False    :return: public_key, private_key    '''    f = RSA.generate(2048)    private_key = f.exportKey("PEM")  # 生成私钥    public_key = f.publickey().exportKey()  # 生成公钥    if is_save:        with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:            f.write(private_key)        with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:            f.write(public_key)    return public_key, private_keydef read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:        b = x.read()        return bdef read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:    with open(file_path, "rb") as x:        b = x.read()        return b# ------------------------加密------------------------def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):    # 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）    text = text.encode('utf-8')    # 构建公钥对象    cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))    # 加密（bytes）    text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)    # base64编码，并转为字符串    text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted).decode()    return text_encrypted_base64# ------------------------解密------------------------def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):    # 字符串指定编码（转为bytes）    text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')    # base64解码    text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64)    # 构建私钥对象    cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))    # 解密（bytes）    text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted, Random.new().read)    # 解码为字符串    text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()    return text_decryptedif __name__ == '__main__':    # 生成密钥对    # create_rsa_pair(is_save=True)    # public_key = read_public_key()    # private_key = read_private_key()    public_key, private_key = create_rsa_pair(is_save=False)    # 加密    text = '123456'    text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)    print('密文：', text_encrypted_base64)    # 解密    text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)    print('明文：', text_decrypted)

运行：

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