Ubuntu下怎么安装docker-ce

实验环境

操作系统：Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS

LAN IP ：192.168.3.22

Docker是现代软件开发和DevOps持续集成和部署管道中不可或缺的一部分,大部分公司都使用容器化技术，降低服务器成本。

安装必要的系统资源库

root@linuxcool:~# apt-get updateroot@linuxcool:~# apt-get -y install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common

安装GPG证书

root@linuxcool:~# curl -fsSL https://mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu/gpg | apt-key add -

Docker服务器在国外，如果使用docker.io来安装docker会非常慢，有时候还会超时断开导致无法安装成功；所以，我这里使用的是国内"西北农林科技大学网络与教育技术中心"镜像加速，国内还有很多镜像加速站点，比如：阿里云、腾讯云、网易、清华大学等，

更新系统并安装Docker-CE

root@linuxcool:~# apt-get -y updateroot@linuxcool:~# apt-get -y install docker-ce

通过以上命令安装的是docker最新版本，如果要安装docker，请继续阅读下文，

查找Docker-CE的版本

apt-cache madison docker-cedocker-ce | 5:19.03.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:19.03.7~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:19.03.6~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:19.03.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:19.03.4~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:19.03.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:19.03.2~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:19.03.1~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:19.03.0~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.9~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.7~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.6~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.5~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.4~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.3~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.2~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-bionic | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 18.06.3~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 18.06.2~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packagesdocker-ce | 18.03.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/ubuntu bionic/stable amd64 Packages

安装指定版本的Docker-CE，比如要安装19.03.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic

root@linuxcool:~# apt-get -y install docker-ce=19.03.8~3-0~ubuntu-bionic

安装校验

root@linuxcool:~# docker versionClient: Docker Engine - CommunityVersion:           19.03.8API version:       1.40Go version:        go1.12.17Git commit:        afacb8b7f0Built:             Wed Mar 11 01:25:46 2020OS/Arch:           linux/amd64Experimental:      falseServer: Docker Engine - CommunityEngine: Version:          19.03.8 API version:      1.40 (minimum version 1.12) Go version:       go1.12.17 Git commit:       afacb8b7f0 Built:            Wed Mar 11 01:24:19 2020 OS/Arch:          linux/amd64 Experimental:     falsecontainerd: Version:          1.2.13 GitCommit:        7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429runc: Version:          1.0.0-rc10 GitCommit:        dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9dddocker-init: Version:          0.18.0 GitCommit:        fec3683

配置镜像加速

创建daemon.json配置文件

root@linuxcool:~# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json{ "registry-mirrors": ["https://dockerhub.mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn/"]}

默认daemon.json文件不存在，如果daemon.json文件不存在，自己创建

加载配置，重启docker服务

root@linuxcool:~# systemctl daemon-reloadroot@linuxcool:~# systemctl restart docker

验证镜像加速是否配置生效

root@linuxcool:~# docker infoClient:Debug Mode: falseServer:Containers: 0 Running: 0 Paused: 0 Stopped: 0Images: 0Server Version: 19.03.8Storage Driver: overlay2 Backing Filesystem: Supports d_type: true Native Overlay Diff: trueLogging Driver: json-fileCgroup Driver: cgroupfsPlugins: Volume: local Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local logentries splunk syslogSwarm: inactiveRuntimes: runcDefault Runtime: runcInit Binary: docker-initcontainerd version: 7ad184331fa3e55e52b890ea95e65ba581ae3429runc version: dc9208a3303feef5b3839f4323d9beb36df0a9ddinit version: fec3683Security Options: apparmor seccomp  Profile: defaultKernel Version: 5.3.0-51-genericOperating System: Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTSOSType: linuxArchitecture: x86_64CPUs: 8Total Memory: 15.64GiBName: linuxcoolID: K252:G32L:GWWN:J5FE:3MFZ:2ITG:UE7Y:Y26F:QT3Q:2PLS:HCUX:PJYZDocker Root Dir: /var/lib/dockerDebug Mode: falseRegistry: https://index.docker.io/v1/Labels:Experimental: falseInsecure Registries: 127.0.0.0/8Registry Mirrors: https://dockerhub.mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn/Live Restore Enabled: falseWARNING: No swap limit support

Registry Mirrors默认是docker.io，如果看到Registry Mirrors变https://dockerhub.mirrors.nwafu.edu.cn说明配置已经生效。

docker服务管理

#自启服务root@linuxcool:~# systemctl enable docker.service#服务状态root@linuxcool:~# systemctl status docker.service#启动服务root@linuxcool:~# systemctl start docker.service#重启服务root@linuxcool:~# systemctl restart docker.service#停止服务root@linuxcool:~# systemctl stop docker.service

拉取镜像

root@linuxcool:~# docker pull centos:8.1.19118.1.1911: Pulling from library/centos8a29a15cefae: Pull completeDigest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:8.1.1911docker.io/library/centos:8.1.1911