C#泛型接口实例应用

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C# 泛型接口代码

//Type parameter T in angle brackets.  public class GenericList﹤T﹥ :   System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable﹤T﹥  {  protected Node head;  protected Node current = null;   // Nested class is also generic on T  protected class Node  {  public Node next;  private T data;  //T as private member datatype   public Node(T t)  //T used in non-generic constructor  {  next = null;  data = t;  }   public Node Next  {  get { return next; }  set { next = value; }  }   public T Data  //T as return type of property  {  get { return data; }  set { data = value; }  }  }   public GenericList()  //constructor  {  head = null;  }   public void AddHead(T t)  //T as method parameter type  {  Node n = new Node(t);  n.Next = head;  head = n;  }   // Implementation of the iterator  public System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerator﹤T﹥ GetEnumerator()  {  Node current = head;  while (current != null)  {  yield return current.Data;  current = current.Next;  }  }   // IEnumerable﹤T﹥ inherits from IEnumerable, therefore this class   // must implement both the generic and non-generic versions of   // GetEnumerator. In most cases, the non-generic method can   // simply call the generic method.  System.Collections.IEnumerator   System.Collections.IEnumerable.GetEnumerator()  {  return GetEnumerator();  }  }   public class SortedList﹤T﹥ :   GenericList﹤T﹥ where T : System.IComparable﹤T﹥  {  // A simple, unoptimized sort algorithm that   // orders list elements from lowest to highest:   public void BubbleSort()  {  if (null == head || null == head.Next)  {  return;  }  bool swapped;   do {  Node previous = null;  Node current = head;  swapped = false;   while (current.next != null)  {  //  Because we need to call this method, the SortedList  //  class is constrained on IEnumerable﹤T﹥  if (current.Data.CompareTo(current.next.Data) ﹥ 0)  {  Node tmp = current.next;  current.next = current.next.next;  tmp.next = current;   if (previous == null)  {  head = tmp;  }  else {  previous.next = tmp;  }  previous = tmp;  swapped = true;  }  else {  previous = current;  current = current.next;  }  }  } while (swapped);  }  }   // A simple class that implements   //IComparable﹤T﹥ using itself as the   // type argument. This is a common  // design pattern in objects that   // are stored in generic lists.  public class Person : System.IComparable﹤Person﹥  {  string name;  int age;   public Person(string s, int i)  {  name = s;  age = i;  }   // This will cause list elements  // to be sorted on age values.  public int CompareTo(Person p)  {  return age - p.age;  }   public override string ToString()  {  return name + ":" + age;  }   // Must implement Equals.  public bool Equals(Person p)  {  return (this.age == p.age);  }  }   class Program  {  static void Main()  {  //Declare and instantiate a new generic SortedList class.  //Person is the type argument.  SortedList﹤Person﹥ list = new SortedList﹤Person﹥();   //Create name and age values to initialize Person objects.  string[] names = new string[]   {   "Franscoise",   "Bill",   "Li",   "Sandra",   "Gunnar",   "Alok",   "Hiroyuki",   "Maria",   "Alessandro",   "Raul"   };   int[] ages = new int[] { 45, 19, 28,   23, 18, 9, 108, 72, 30, 35 };   //Populate the list.  for (int x = 0; x ﹤ 10; x++)  {  list.AddHead(new Person(names[x], ages[x]));  }   //Print out unsorted list.  foreach (Person p in list)  {  System.Console.WriteLine(p.ToString());  }  System.Console.WriteLine("Done with unsorted list");   //Sort the list.  list.BubbleSort();   //Print out sorted list.  foreach (Person p in list)  {  System.Console.WriteLine(p.ToString());  }  System.Console.WriteLine("Done with sorted list");  }  }

可将多重接口指定为单个类型上的约束，如下所示：

C# 泛型接口代码

class Stack﹤T﹥ where T : System.IComparable﹤T﹥, IEnumerable﹤T﹥  {  }

一个接口可定义多个类型参数，如下所示：

C# 泛型接口代码

interface IDictionary﹤K, V﹥  {  }

类之间的继承规则同样适用于接口：

C# 泛型接口代码

interface IMonth﹤T﹥ { }   interface IJanuary : IMonth﹤int﹥ { }  //No error  interface IFebruary﹤T﹥ : IMonth﹤int﹥ { }  //No error  interface IMarch﹤T﹥: IMonth﹤T﹥ { }//No error  //interface IApril﹤T﹥  : IMonth﹤T, U﹥ {}  //Error

如果泛型接口为逆变的，即仅使用其类型参数作为返回值，则此泛型接口可以从非泛型接口继承。在 .NET Framework 类库中，IEnumerable﹤T﹥ 从 IEnumerable 继承，因为 IEnumerable﹤T﹥ 仅在 GetEnumerator 的返回值和当前属性 getter 中使用 T。

具体类可以实现已关闭的构造接口，如下所示：

C# 泛型接口代码

interface IBaseInterface﹤T﹥ { }   class SampleClass : IBaseInterface﹤string﹥ { }

只要类参数列表提供了接口必需的所有参数，泛型类便可以实现泛型接口或已关闭的构造接口，如下所示：

C# 泛型接口代码

interface IBaseInterface1﹤T﹥ { }  interface IBaseInterface2﹤T, U﹥ { }   class SampleClass1﹤T﹥ :   IBaseInterface1﹤T﹥ { }//No error  class SampleClass2﹤T﹥ :   IBaseInterface2﹤T, string﹥ { }//No error

对于泛型类、泛型结构或泛型接口中的方法，控制方法重载的规则相同。

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