shutil模块中的文件、文件夹、压缩包处理模块是怎样的

shutil模块中的文件、文件夹、压缩包处理模块是怎样的，针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。

• shutil.copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst[, length])将文件内容拷贝到另一个文件中,length是每次复制的大小

guessage.py中内容"""猜年龄游戏：允许用户最多猜三次，猜了三次后，询问是都继续玩，如果输入Y，可以继续猜三次，否则退出"""age = 23count = 0while count < 3:    try:        guess_age = int(input("input the age of you think:"))    except ValueError:        print("you should input one number!")        count = count + 1        continue    if guess_age > 23:        print("the age you input is too big!")    elif guess_age < 23:        print("the age you input is too small!")    else:        print("excellent!you are right!")        break    count = count + 1    while count == 3:        your_choice = input("you only have three chances,would you like to continue(Y|y/N|n):")        if your_choice.lower() == "y":            count = 0        elif your_choice.lower() =="n":            break        else:            print("your input is illegal!input again!")

"正确的程序运行代码"#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilshutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r",encoding="utf-8"),open("guessage_new.py","w",encoding="utf-8",10))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyProcess finished with exit code 0

"不加编码时，有报错信息"#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilshutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r"),open("guessage_new.py","w"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyTraceback (most recent call last):  File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 5, in     shutil.copyfileobj(open("guessage.py","r"),open("guessage_new.py","w"))  File "D:\software2\Python3\install\lib\shutil.py", line 79, in copyfileobj    buf = fsrc.read(length)UnicodeDecodeError: 'gbk' codec can't decode byte 0xae in position 29: illegal multibyte sequenceProcess finished with exit code 1

guessage_new.py"""猜年龄游戏：允许用户最多猜三次，猜了三次后，询问是都继续玩，如果输入Y，可以继续猜三次，否则退出"""age = 23count = 0while count < 3:    try:        guess_age = int(input("input the age of you think:"))    except ValueError:        print("you should input one number!")        count = count + 1        continue    if guess_age > 23:        print("the age you input is too big!")    elif guess_age < 23:        print("the age you input is too small!")    else:        print("excellent!you are right!")        break    count = count + 1    while count == 3:        your_choice = input("you only have three chances,would you like to continue(Y|y/N|n):")        if your_choice.lower() == "y":            count = 0        elif your_choice.lower() =="n":            break        else:            print("your input is illegal!input again!")

• shutil.copyfile(src, dst)拷贝文件

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilshutil.copyfile("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目标文件无需存在print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyguessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=7881299347900196, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1557104769, st_mtime=1557104769, st_ctime=1557104769)Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.copymode(src, dst)仅拷贝权限。内容、组、用户均不变

"程序代码"#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilshutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目标文件必须存在#目标文件不存在时E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyTraceback (most recent call last):  File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 5, in     shutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")  File "D:\software2\Python3\install\lib\shutil.py", line 144, in copymode    chmod_func(dst, stat.S_IMODE(st.st_mode))FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] 系统找不到指定的文件。: 'guessage_new.py'Process finished with exit code 1#新建一个文件guessage_new.py，内容为空，再运行程序#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilimport osshutil.copymode("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyguessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=2533274790397796, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=61, st_atime=1557104202, st_mtime=1557104202, st_ctime=1557104202)Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.copystat(src, dst)仅拷贝状态的信息，包括：mode bits, atime, mtime, flags

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilimport osshutil.copystat("guessage.py","guessage_new.py") #目标文件必须存在print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyguessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=2814749767108452, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=61, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1557104576)Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.copy(src, dst)拷贝文件和权限

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilimport osshutil.copy("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")#目标文件可以不存在print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyguessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=6473924464346978, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1557104716, st_mtime=1557104716, st_ctime=1557104716)Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.copy2(src, dst)拷贝文件和状态信息

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilimport osshutil.copy2("guessage.py","guessage_new.py")print("guessage.py",os.stat("guessage.py"))print("guessage_new.py",os.stat("guessage_new.py"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyguessage.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=9007199254741804, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1555571381)guessage_new.py os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=7318349394478946, st_dev=3466358229, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=941, st_atime=1555571381, st_mtime=1555571381, st_ctime=1557104918)Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.ignore_patterns(*patterns)

• shutil.copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)递归的去拷贝文件夹

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilimport os# 目标目录不能存在，注意对folder2目录父级目录要有可写权限，ignore的意思是排除shutil.copytree('ee', 'new_ee', ignore=shutil.ignore_patterns('*.pyc', 'tmp*'))print(os.listdir("ee"))print(os.listdir("new_ee"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py['eee']['eee']Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.rmtree(path[, ignore_errors[, onerror]])递归的去删除文件

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilimport osshutil.rmtree('new_ee')print(os.listdir("ee"))print(os.listdir("new_ee"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyTraceback (most recent call last):['eee']  File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 10, in     print(os.listdir("new_ee"))FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系统找不到指定的路径。: 'new_ee'Process finished with exit code 1

• shutil.move(src, dst)递归的去移动文件，它类似mv命令，其实就是重命名。

#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilimport osshutil.move('ee','new_ee')print(os.listdir("ee"))#move之后，源文件就不存在了print(os.listdir("new_ee"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.pyTraceback (most recent call last):  File "E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py", line 9, in     print(os.listdir("ee"))FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系统找不到指定的路径。: 'ee'Process finished with exit code 1#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutilimport osshutil.move('new_ee','mkdir') #可以移到另一个文件夹中print(os.listdir("mkdir"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py['new_ee']Process finished with exit code 0

• shutil.make_archive(base_name, format,...)创建压缩包并返回文件路径，例如：zip、tar

base_name： 压缩包的文件名，也可以是压缩包的路径。只是文件名时，则保存至当前目录，否则保存至指定路径，如 data_bak =>保存至当前路径如：/tmp/data_bak =>保存至/tmp/format： 压缩包种类，"zip", "tar", "bztar"，"gztar"root_dir： 要压缩的文件夹路径（默认当前目录）owner： 用户，默认当前用户group： 组，默认当前组logger： 用于记录日志，通常是logging.Logger对象#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-# Author: vitaimport shutil#将 test2 下的文件打包放置当前程序目录import shutilimport osret = shutil.make_archive("test2_bak", 'gztar', root_dir='test2')#目标的压缩包可以是已经存在的print(os.listdir())#将 test2下的文件打包放置 mkdir目录import shutilret = shutil.make_archive("mkdir/test2_bak", 'gztar', root_dir='test2')print(os.listdir("mkdir"))E:\PythonProject\python-test\venvP3\Scripts\python.exe E:/PythonProject/python-test/BasicGrammer/test.py['.idea', 'guessage.py', 'guessage_new.py', 'mkdir', 'requirements.txt', 'test.py', 'test2', 'test2_bak.tar.gz', '__pycache__', '写文件.txt', '写文件.txt.tmp', '格式化.py', '猜年龄的游戏.jpg', '读文件.txt']['new_ee', 'test2_bak.tar.gz']Process finished with exit code 0

shutil 对压缩包的处理是调用 ZipFile 和 TarFile 两个模块来进行的，详细：zipfile压缩&解压缩import zipfile# 压缩z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'w')z.write('a.log')z.write('data.data')z.close()# 解压z = zipfile.ZipFile('laxi.zip', 'r')z.extractall(path='.')z.close()tarfile压缩&解压缩import tarfile# 压缩，egon.tar这个压缩包可以是不存在的，并且可对文件夹递归放到压缩包中>>> t=tarfile.open('/tmp/egon.tar','w')>>> t.add('/test1/a.py',arcname='a.bak')>>> t.add('/test1/b.py',arcname='b.bak')>>> t.close()# 解压>>> t=tarfile.open('/tmp/egon.tar','r')>>> t.extractall('/egon')>>> t.close()

关于shutil模块中的文件、文件夹、压缩包处理模块是怎样的问题的解答就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，如果你还有很多疑惑没有解开，可以关注行业资讯频道了解更多相关知识。