怎么用Python实现雪夜烟花景

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运行截图

运行效果：

什么？你说你看不清烟花？那我换一种颜色，请点开看。

实现过程

准备工作

使用语言和框架：python、pygame。
安装pygame:

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn pygame

你需要知道的基础知识

首先，pygame渲染是同步的，所以同屏渲染的点过多之后，就会造成卡顿的情况。
其次，pygame的代码逻辑是，周期性渲染一系列的屏，从而产生连续的动画。

你需要掌握的框架基础知识：

初始化过程

import pygamepygame.init()pygame.mixer.init()pygame.font.init()

获取字体

myfont = pygame.font.SysFont('simHei', 30)textsurface = myfont.render(a[i], False, random_color(150, 255))screen.blit(textsurface, (80, 30))

画圈

pygame.draw.circle(screen, (snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5], snow_list[i][6]), snow_list[i][:2],                           snow_list[i][3] - 3)

加载背景音乐

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(bg_size)pygame.display.set_caption("新年快乐")bg = pygame.image.load(bg_img)pygame.mixer.music.load('D:\\CloudMusic\\小时姑娘 - 霞光-《精灵世纪》片尾曲.mp3')

核心代码

基础架子

首先，需要实现一个基础的事件循环的架子，如下：

def main():    global show_n    global fk_list    bg_size = (WIN_W, WIN_H)    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(bg_size)    pygame.display.set_caption("新年快乐")    pygame.mixer.music.load('D:\\CloudMusic\\小时姑娘 - 霞光-《精灵世纪》片尾曲.mp3')    font_values = ['新年快乐']    grand_has = set()    clock = pygame.time.Clock()    while True:        if not pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():            pygame.mixer.music.play()        for event in pygame.event.get():            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                exit()        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))        ... ...        pygame.display.update()        time_passed = clock.tick(50)if __name__ == '__main__':    main()

下雪的过程

现在，需要实现下雪的过程，首先，考虑定义定义一堆初始化的下雪点

def init_xue(bg_size):    snow_list = []    for i in range(200):        x_site = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])  # 雪花圆心位置        y_site = random.randrange(0, bg_size[1])  # 雪花圆心位置        X_shift = random.randint(-1, 1)  # x 轴偏移量        radius = random.randint(4, 6)  # 半径和 y 周下降量        xxxxx = random_color(150, 255)        snow_list.append([x_site, y_site, X_shift, radius, 255, 255, 255])    return snow_list

然后实现渲染雪的过程

def draw_xue(snow_list: [], screen, bg_size: [], grand_has: set, grand_list: []):    # 雪花列表循环    # todo 空中的雪    for i in range(len(snow_list)):        # 绘制雪花，颜色、位置、大小        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5], snow_list[i][6]), snow_list[i][:2],                           snow_list[i][3] - 3)        # 移动雪花位置（下一次循环起效）        snow_list[i][0] += snow_list[i][2]        snow_list[i][1] += snow_list[i][3]        # 如果雪花落出屏幕，重设位置        if snow_list[i][1] > bg_size[1]:            # tmp = []            snow_list[i][1] = random.randrange(-50, -10)            snow_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])            x = snow_list[i][0]            y = bg_size[1]            while (grand_has.__contains__(x * 10000 + y)):                y = y - snow_list[i][3]            grand_has.add(x * 10000 + y)            grand_list.append(                [x, y, snow_list[i][2], snow_list[i][3], snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5],                 snow_list[i][6]])

集成到上面的架子中，效果如下：

不过目前的下雪没有质感，可以考虑在底部堆一些雪，只需要在雪落到地上做特判即可。

雪落到地上堆起来的过程

在前面的下雪过程的代码中，我们维护了一个Grand_list的数组，目的就是维护堆雪的效果

min_height = 100000# todo 地上的积雪for i in range(len(grand_list)):    if grand_list[i][0] < 375:        min_height = min(min_height, grand_list[i][1])

然后进入维护程序：

draw_xue(snow_list, screen, bg_size, grand_has, grand_list)

最后再将雪画出来

for i in range(len(grand_list)):    pygame.draw.circle(screen, (grand_list[i][4], grand_list[i][5], grand_list[i][6]), grand_list[i][:2],                       grand_list[i][3] - 3)

效果图如上。

实现烟花的过程

首先定义出烟花类：

class Fireworks():    is_show = False    x, y = 0, 0    vy = 0    p_list = []    color = [0, 0, 0]    v = 0    def __init__(self, x, y, vy, n=300, color=[0, 255, 0], v=10):        self.x = x        self.y = y        self.vy = vy        self.color = color        self.v = v        for i in range(n):            self.p_list.append([random.random() * 2 * math.pi, 0, v * math.pow(random.random(), 1 / 3)])    def run(self):        global show_n        for p in self.p_list:            p[1] = p[1] + (random.random() * 0.6 + 0.7) * p[2]            p[2] = p[2] * 0.97            if p[2] < 1.2:                self.color[0] *= 0.9999                self.color[1] *= 0.9999                self.color[2] *= 0.9999            if max(self.color) < 10 or self.y > WIN_H + p[1]:                show_n -= 1                self.is_show = False                break        self.vy += 10 * t1        self.y += self.vy * t1

然后，我们需要画出烟花释放前上升的过程点，这部分与下雪的初始化差不多。

def init_yanhua(bg_size):    yanhua_list = []    for i in range(5):        x_site = random.randrange(0, WIN_W)  # 雪花圆心位置        y_site = WIN_H  # 雪花圆心位置        X_shift = 0  # x 轴偏移量        radius = random.randint(6, 10)  # 半径和 y 周上升降量        xxxxx = random_color(150, 255)        red = xxxxx[0]        green = xxxxx[1]        blue = xxxxx[2]        yanhua_list.append([x_site, y_site, X_shift, radius, red, green, blue])    return yanhua_list

然后是画上升过程

def draw_yanhua(yanhua_list: [], screen, bg_size: []):    global fk_list    for i in range(len(yanhua_list)):        # 绘制雪花，颜色、位置、大小        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (yanhua_list[i][4], yanhua_list[i][5], yanhua_list[i][6]), yanhua_list[i][:2],                           yanhua_list[i][3] - 3)                yanhua_list[i][0] += yanhua_list[i][2]        yanhua_list[i][1] -= yanhua_list[i][3]        if yanhua_list[i][1] <= 0:            # tmp = []            yanhua_list[i][1] = WIN_H            yanhua_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])        if yanhua_list[i][1] <= random.randint(200, 400):            # todo 放烟花            fk = Fireworks(yanhua_list[i][0], yanhua_list[i][1], -20, n=300, color=red_random(1, 150), v=10)            fk_list.append(fk)            yanhua_list[i][1] = WIN_H            yanhua_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])

效果图如下：

圈出来的就是上升过程的烟花。
最后就是绽放部分，其实在上升过程的代码中有维护，如果超过某个随机高度，就会生成一个烟花，只是没有渲染，现在我们把渲染加上。

 for fk in fk_list:            fk.run()            for p in fk.p_list:                x, y = fk.x + p[1] * math.cos(p[0]), fk.y + p[1] * math.sin(p[0])                if random.random() < 0.055:                    screen.set_at((int(x), int(y)), (255, 255, 255))                else:                    screen.set_at((int(x), int(y)), (int(fk.color[0]), int(fk.color[1]), int(fk.color[2])))        tmp = []        for fk in fk_list:            for p in fk.p_list:                x, y = fk.x + p[1] * math.cos(p[0]), fk.y + p[1] * math.sin(p[0])                if y < WIN_H - 1000:                    tmp.append(fk)                    break        fk_list = tmp

最终的运行效果就如最顶上的效果一样。

完整代码

将上述过程进行组合，结果如下，感兴趣的朋友可以按自己的需求进行优化。

import pygameimport randomimport mathpygame.init()pygame.mixer.init()pygame.font.init()WIN_W = 2200WIN_H = 1300t1 = 0.18  # 时间流速show_n = 0show_frequency = 0.0015  # 烟花绽放频率，数值越大频率越高color_list = [    [255, 0, 0]]yanhua_map = {}fk_list = []class Fireworks():    is_show = False    x, y = 0, 0    vy = 0    p_list = []    color = [0, 0, 0]    v = 0    def __init__(self, x, y, vy, n=300, color=[0, 255, 0], v=10):        self.x = x        self.y = y        self.vy = vy        self.color = color        self.v = v        for i in range(n):            self.p_list.append([random.random() * 2 * math.pi, 0, v * math.pow(random.random(), 1 / 3)])    def run(self):        global show_n        for p in self.p_list:            p[1] = p[1] + (random.random() * 0.6 + 0.7) * p[2]            p[2] = p[2] * 0.97            if p[2] < 1.2:                self.color[0] *= 0.9999                self.color[1] *= 0.9999                self.color[2] *= 0.9999            if max(self.color) < 10 or self.y > WIN_H + p[1]:                show_n -= 1                self.is_show = False                break        self.vy += 10 * t1        self.y += self.vy * t1def random_color(l, r):    return [random.randint(l, r), random.randint(l, r), random.randint(l, r)]def red_random(l, r):    return [255, random.randint(l, r), random.randint(l, r)]def init_yanhua(bg_size):    yanhua_list = []    for i in range(5):        x_site = random.randrange(0, WIN_W)  # 雪花圆心位置        y_site = WIN_H  # 雪花圆心位置        X_shift = 0  # x 轴偏移量        radius = random.randint(6, 10)  # 半径和 y 周上升降量        xxxxx = random_color(150, 255)        red = xxxxx[0]        green = xxxxx[1]        blue = xxxxx[2]        yanhua_list.append([x_site, y_site, X_shift, radius, red, green, blue])    return yanhua_listdef init_xue(bg_size):    snow_list = []    for i in range(200):        x_site = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])  # 雪花圆心位置        y_site = random.randrange(0, bg_size[1])  # 雪花圆心位置        X_shift = random.randint(-1, 1)  # x 轴偏移量        radius = random.randint(4, 6)  # 半径和 y 周下降量        xxxxx = random_color(150, 255)        # red = xxxxx[0]        # green = xxxxx[1]        # blue = xxxxx[2]        snow_list.append([x_site, y_site, X_shift, radius, 255, 255, 255])    return snow_listdef draw_xue(snow_list: [], screen, bg_size: [], grand_has: set, grand_list: []):    # 雪花列表循环    # todo 空中的雪    for i in range(len(snow_list)):        # 绘制雪花，颜色、位置、大小        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5], snow_list[i][6]), snow_list[i][:2],                           snow_list[i][3] - 3)        # 移动雪花位置（下一次循环起效）        snow_list[i][0] += snow_list[i][2]        snow_list[i][1] += snow_list[i][3]        # 如果雪花落出屏幕，重设位置        if snow_list[i][1] > bg_size[1]:            # tmp = []            snow_list[i][1] = random.randrange(-50, -10)            snow_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])            x = snow_list[i][0]            y = bg_size[1]            while (grand_has.__contains__(x * 10000 + y)):                y = y - snow_list[i][3]            grand_has.add(x * 10000 + y)            grand_list.append(                [x, y, snow_list[i][2], snow_list[i][3], snow_list[i][4], snow_list[i][5],                 snow_list[i][6]])def draw_yanhua(yanhua_list: [], screen, bg_size: []):    global fk_list    for i in range(len(yanhua_list)):        # 绘制雪花，颜色、位置、大小        pygame.draw.circle(screen, (yanhua_list[i][4], yanhua_list[i][5], yanhua_list[i][6]), yanhua_list[i][:2],                           yanhua_list[i][3] - 3)        # 移动雪花位置（下一次循环起效）        yanhua_list[i][0] += yanhua_list[i][2]        yanhua_list[i][1] -= yanhua_list[i][3]        # 如果雪花落出屏幕，重设位置        if yanhua_list[i][1] <= 0:            # tmp = []            yanhua_list[i][1] = WIN_H            yanhua_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])        if yanhua_list[i][1] <= random.randint(200, 400):            # todo 放烟花            fk = Fireworks(yanhua_list[i][0], yanhua_list[i][1], -20, n=300, color=red_random(1, 150), v=10)            fk_list.append(fk)            yanhua_list[i][1] = WIN_H            yanhua_list[i][0] = random.randrange(0, bg_size[0])def show_shi(a: list, n, screen):    i = 2 * n - 1    j = 2 * n    if i >= len(a):        i = len(a) - 2        j = len(a) - 1    if i >= 0:        myfont = pygame.font.SysFont('simHei', 30)        textsurface = myfont.render(a[i], False, random_color(150, 255))        screen.blit(textsurface, (WIN_W / 2, 30))    if j >= 0:        myfont = pygame.font.SysFont('simHei', 100)        textsurface = myfont.render(a[j], False, red_random(1, 1))        screen.blit(textsurface, (WIN_W / 2 - 200, 50))def main():    global show_n    global fk_list    bg_size = (WIN_W, WIN_H)    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(bg_size)    # bg_img = "./1.png"    pygame.display.set_caption("新年快乐")    # bg = pygame.image.load(bg_img)    pygame.mixer.music.load('D:\\CloudMusic\\小时姑娘 - 霞光-《精灵世纪》片尾曲.mp3')    grand_list = []    font_values = ['新年快乐']    grand_has = set()    clock = pygame.time.Clock()    yanhua_list = init_yanhua(bg_size)    snow_list = init_xue(bg_size)    # 游戏主循环    while True:        if not pygame.mixer.music.get_busy():            pygame.mixer.music.play()        for event in pygame.event.get():            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:                exit()        screen.fill((0, 0, 0))        draw_yanhua(yanhua_list, screen, bg_size)        if len(fk_list) != 0:            print(len(fk_list))        # # 放烟花        show_shi(font_values, 0, screen)        for fk in fk_list:            fk.run()            for p in fk.p_list:                x, y = fk.x + p[1] * math.cos(p[0]), fk.y + p[1] * math.sin(p[0])                if random.random() < 0.055:                    screen.set_at((int(x), int(y)), (255, 255, 255))                else:                    screen.set_at((int(x), int(y)), (int(fk.color[0]), int(fk.color[1]), int(fk.color[2])))        tmp = []        for fk in fk_list:            for p in fk.p_list:                x, y = fk.x + p[1] * math.cos(p[0]), fk.y + p[1] * math.sin(p[0])                if y < WIN_H - 1000:                    tmp.append(fk)                    break        fk_list = tmp        min_height = 100000        # todo 地上的积雪        for i in range(len(grand_list)):            if grand_list[i][0] < 375:                min_height = min(min_height, grand_list[i][1])        draw_xue(snow_list, screen, bg_size, grand_has, grand_list)        for i in range(len(grand_list)):            pygame.draw.circle(screen, (grand_list[i][4], grand_list[i][5], grand_list[i][6]), grand_list[i][:2],                               grand_list[i][3] - 3)        pygame.display.update()        time_passed = clock.tick(50)if __name__ == '__main__':    main()

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