Linux系统中如何进行网桥搭建

本篇文章为大家展示了Linux系统中如何进行网桥搭建，内容简明扼要并且容易理解，绝对能使你眼前一亮，通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。

网桥也叫桥接器，是连接两个局域网的一种存储/转发设备，简单的网桥有两个端口，复杂些的网桥可以有更多的端口。

网桥简介：

工作在数据链路层（L2）。以太网中，数据链路层地址就是mac地址，网桥与hub的区别在于，网桥会过滤mac，只有目的mac地址匹配的数据才会发送到出口。一个bridge指的是一个输入到一个输出的桥接。

Linux系统搭建网桥具体步骤：

• 网络桥接的管理命令

brctl   # 桥接管理命令 brctl show ；brctl addbr br0 添加网桥； show   # 显示 addbr   # 添加网桥 delbr   # 删除网桥 addif   # 添加网络桥接 delif  # 删除网络桥接

文件方式的网络桥接。

• 可以在其真机中操作，操作前提是要将原本的 ifcfg-enp0s25,ifcfg-br0 转移阿到其他的地方，以备后期恢复

 [root@foundation12 ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/  在此目录下 [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-br0       ifdown-ovs       ifup-eth     ifup-sit ifcfg-enp0s25   ifdown-post      ifup-ib      ifup-Team ifcfg-lo        ifdown-ppp       ifup-ippp    ifup-TeamPort ifcfg-小米手机  ifdown-routes    ifup-ipv6    ifup-tunnel ifdown          ifdown-sit       ifup-isdn    ifup-wireless ifdown-bnep     ifdown-Team      ifup-ovs     init.ipv6-global ifdown-eth      ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-plip    keys-小米手机 ifdown-ib       ifdown-tunnel    ifup-plusb   network-functions ifdown-ippp     ifup             ifup-post    network-functions-ipv6 ifdown-ipv6     ifup-aliases     ifup-ppp ifdown-isdn     ifup-bnep        ifup-routes [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# mv ifcfg-br0 ifcfg-enp0s25   /opt      移动到其他地方 1234567891011121314

• 在/etc/sysconfig/networl-scipts 目录下 操作新的网络桥接

 [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0     设置真实主机的网卡 [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# ifconfig             查看真实物理网卡 br0: flags=4163 mtu 1500         inet 172.25.12.250  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.12.255         inet6 fe80::221:ccff:fe6f:78a8  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20         ether 00:21:cc:6f:78:a8  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 106032  bytes 133746644 (127.5 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 1  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 45193  bytes 3062537 (2.9 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  enp0s25: flags=4163 mtu 1500             物理网卡         ether 00:21:cc:6f:78:a8  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 149532  bytes 138685095 (132.2 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 45246  bytes 3249632 (3.0 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0         device interrupt 20  memory 0xf2600000-f2620000    lo: flags=73 mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10         loop  txqueuelen 1  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 850589  bytes 296471850 (282.7 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 850589  bytes 296471850 (282.7 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  privbr0: flags=4099 mtu 1500         inet 172.25.250.250  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.250.255         ether 52:54:00:18:3d:3a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  virbr0: flags=4099 mtu 1500         inet 192.168.122.1  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.122.255         ether 52:54:00:b1:87:41  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  virbr1: flags=4099 mtu 1500         ether 52:54:00:d9:96:d6  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  vnet0: flags=4163 mtu 1500         inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe00:c0a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20         ether fe:54:00:00:0c:0a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 167  bytes 29997 (29.2 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 43833  bytes 3052031 (2.9 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  vnet1: flags=4163 mtu 1500         inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe21:641b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20         ether fe:54:00:21:64:1b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 31  bytes 4118 (4.0 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 58438  bytes 4125919 (3.9 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  vnet2: flags=4163 mtu 1500         inet6 fe80::fc54:ff:fe67:d8a7  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20         ether fe:54:00:67:d8:a7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 6  bytes 364 (364.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 43808  bytes 3046200 (2.9 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  wlp3s0: flags=4163 mtu 1500         inet 192.168.43.236  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.43.255         inet6 fe80::2d9f:805d:d4b5:f0d1  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20         ether 08:11:96:9a:1f:a4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 28627  bytes 26833776 (25.5 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 23792  bytes 8576662 (8.1 MiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-enp0s25       编写物理网卡。 [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# systemctl restart network     重启网络 [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# brctl show             查看网络信息 bridge name bridge id  STP enabled interfaces br0  8000.0021cc6f78a8 no  enp0s25                      桥接搭建好 privbr0  8000.525400183d3a yes  privbr0-nic virbr0  8000.525400b18741 yes  virbr0-nic virbr1  8000.525400d996d6 yes  virbr1-nic [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-br0                   DEVICE=br0 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=none IPADDR=172.25.254.12 PREFIX=24 TYPE=Bridge [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# cat ifcfg-enp0s25 DEVICE=enp0s25 ONBOOT=yes BOOTPROTO=none BRIDGE=br0  [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# rm  -rf  ifcfg-br0     [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# rm  -rf ifcfg-enp0s25      删掉自己做的 [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# mv   /opt/ifcfg-br0  . [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# mv   /opt/ifcfg-enp0s25   .   将原本的和重新移动回来 [root@foundation12 network-scripts]# ls ifcfg-br0       ifdown-ovs       ifup-eth     ifup-sit ifcfg-enp0s25   ifdown-post      ifup-ib      ifup-Team  123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112

• 网络接口的临时搭建

 [root@localhost ~]# brctl show         查看网桥信息 bridge name bridge id  STP enabled interfaces [root@localhost ~]# brctl addbr br0     添加一块新的虚拟接口 [root@localhost ~]# brctl show     查看网桥信息  已经有了 br0 这个虚拟接口 bridge name bridge id  STP enabled interfaces br0  8000.000000000000 no   [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig br0 172.25.254.112/24    给 br0 虚拟接口 赋予一个IP地址 [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig       查看虚拟接口信息 有了IP地址 br0: flags=4163 mtu 1500         inet 172.25.254.112  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255         inet6 fe80::90b8:3ff:feae:295a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20         ether 92:b8:03:ae:29:5a  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)         RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 16  bytes 2835 (2.7 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500         ether 52:54:00:00:0c:0a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 23707  bytes 1686713 (1.6 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 1228  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 128  bytes 18818 (18.3 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  eth2: flags=4163 mtu 1500         ether 52:54:00:67:d8:a7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 23718  bytes 1686113 (1.6 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 4480  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 3  bytes 182 (182.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  lo: flags=73 mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10         loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 3598  bytes 305844 (298.6 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 3598  bytes 305844 (298.6 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  [root@localhost ~]# ping 172.25.254.12                ping一下主机 ，发现是ping不同的，因为是没有加载在网卡上的 PING 172.25.254.12 (172.25.254.12) 56(84) bytes of data. From 172.25.254.112 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.25.254.112 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.25.254.112 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 172.25.254.112 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 172.25.254.12 ping statistics --- 5 packets transmitted, 0 received, +4 errors, 100% packet loss, time 4001ms [root@localhost ~]# brctl addif br0 eth0           将这个虚拟接口加载到eth0 这块网卡上 [root@localhost ~]# brctl show    查看网桥信息 bridge name bridge id  STP enabled interfaces br0  8000.525400000c0a no  eth0       虚拟接口已经装到eth0网卡上 [root@localhost ~]# ping 172.25.254.12      ping 一下是可以ping 通的，因为已经有了网卡的 PING 172.25.254.12 (172.25.254.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.25.254.12: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.292 ms 64 bytes from 172.25.254.12: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.143 ms 64 bytes from 172.25.254.12: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.214 ms 64 bytes from 172.25.254.12: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.220 ms ^C --- 172.25.254.12 ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.143/0.217/0.292/0.053 ms [root@localhost ~]#  1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132333435363738394041424344454647484950515253545556575859606162636465

• 删除临时的网络接口

 [root@localhost Desktop]# brctl show    查看网桥的信息 bridge name bridge id  STP enabled interfaces br0  8000.525400000c0a no  eth0 [root@localhost Desktop]# brctl delif br0 eth0     将br0这个虚拟接口 从eth0这块网卡上删除掉 [root@localhost Desktop]# brctl show    再次查看网桥信息 已经没有了eth0 这块网卡 bridge name bridge id  STP enabled interfaces br0  8000.000000000000 no   [root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig br0 down     因为正在工作的，所以是要让其down掉，才能删除 [root@localhost Desktop]# brctl delbr br0     删除虚拟接口 [root@localhost Desktop]# brctl  show   查看网桥信息 是已经全部没有了 bridge name bridge id  STP enabled interfaces [root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig    查看网络信息 ，已经没有了br0临时接口 eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500         ether 52:54:00:00:0c:0a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 44359  bytes 3095658 (2.9 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 1228  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 166  bytes 29931 (29.2 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  eth2: flags=4163 mtu 1500         ether 52:54:00:67:d8:a7  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)         RX packets 44334  bytes 3089827 (2.9 MiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 4481  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 3  bytes 182 (182.0 B)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  lo: flags=73 mtu 65536         inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0         inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10         loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)         RX packets 3859  bytes 328676 (320.9 KiB)         RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0         TX packets 3859  bytes 328676 (320.9 KiB)         TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0  [root@localhost Desktop]#

上述内容就是Linux系统中如何进行网桥搭建，你们学到知识或技能了吗？如果还想学到更多技能或者丰富自己的知识储备，欢迎关注行业资讯频道。