怎么用java实现简单比特币功能

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一、块定义

/**
* 区块结构
* @author
*/
public class Block {
/**
* 区块索引号
*/
private int index;
/**
* 当前区块的hash值,区块唯一标识
*/
private String hash;
/**
* 生成区块的时间戳
*/
private long timestamp;
/**
* 当前区块的交易集合
*/
private List transactions;
/**
* 工作量证明，计算正确hash值的次数
*/
private int nonce;
/**
* 前一个区块的hash值
*/
private String previousHash;

public Block() {
super();
}

public Block(int index, long timestamp, List transactions, int nonce, String previousHash, String hash) {
super();
this.index = index;
this.timestamp = timestamp;
this.transactions = transactions;
this.nonce = nonce;
this.previousHash = previousHash;
this.hash = hash;
}
}

二、交易定义

/**
* 交易
* @author
*/
public class Transaction {
/**
* 交易唯一标识
*/
private String id;
/**
* 交易发送方钱包地址
*/
private String sender;
/**
* 交易接收方钱包地址
*/
private String recipient;
/**
* 交易金额
*/
private int amount;

public Transaction() {
super();
}

public Transaction(String id, String sender, String recipient, int amount) {
super();
this.id = id;
this.sender = sender;
this.recipient = recipient;
this.amount = amount;
}
}

三、挖矿方法

/**
* 挖矿
* @param blockchain 整个区块链
* @param txs 需记账交易记录
* @param address 矿工钱包地址
* @return
*/
private static void mineBlock(List blockchain, List txs, String address) {
//加入系统奖励的交易，默认挖矿奖励10个比特币
Transaction sysTx = new Transaction(CryptoUtil.UUID(), "", address, 10);
txs.add(sysTx);
//获取当前区块链里的最后一个区块
Block latestBlock = blockchain.get(blockchain.size() - 1);
//随机数
int nonce = 1;
String hash = "";
while(true){
hash = CryptoUtil.SHA256(latestBlock.getHash() + JSON.toJSONString(txs) + nonce);
if (hash.startsWith("0000000000")) {
System.out.println("=====计算结果正确，计算次数为：" +nonce+ ",hash:" + hash);
break;
}
nonce++;
System.out.println("计算错误，hash:" + hash);
}

//解出难题，可以构造新区块并加入进区块链里
Block newBlock = new Block(latestBlock.getIndex() + 1, System.currentTimeMillis(), txs, nonce, latestBlock.getHash(), hash);
blockchain.add(newBlock);
System.out.println("挖矿后的区块链：" + JSON.toJSONString(blockchain));
}

四、余额计算
/**
* 查询余额
* @param blockchain
* @param address
* @return
*/
public static int getWalletBalance(List blockchain, String address) {
int balance = 0;
for (Block block : blockchain) {
List transactions = block.getTransactions();
for (Transaction transaction : transactions) {
if (address.equals(transaction.getRecipient())) {
balance += transaction.getAmount();
}
if (address.equals(transaction.getSender())) {
balance -= transaction.getAmount();
}
}
}
return balance;

五、运行范例

public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建一个空的区块链
List blockchain = new ArrayList<>();
//生成创世区块
Block block = new Block(1, System.currentTimeMillis(), new ArrayList(), 1, "1", "1");
//加入创世区块到区块链里
blockchain.add(block);
System.out.println(JSON.toJSONString(blockchain));

// 发送方钱包地址
String sender = "sender_wallet";
//接收方钱包地址
String recipient = "recipient_wallet";

//创建一个空的交易集合
List txs = new ArrayList<>();
//挖矿
mineBlock(blockchain, txs, sender);
System.out.println(sender + "钱包的余额为：" + getWalletBalance(blockchain, sender));

//创建一个空的交易集合
List txs1 = new ArrayList<>();
//已发生但未记账的交易记录，发送者给接收者转账3个比特币
Transaction tx1 = new Transaction(CryptoUtil.UUID(), sender, recipient, 3);
//已发生但未记账的交易记录，发送者给接收者转账1个比特币
Transaction tx2 = new Transaction(CryptoUtil.UUID(), sender, recipient, 1);
txs1.add(tx1);
txs1.add(tx2);
//挖矿
mineBlock(blockchain, txs1, sender);
System.out.println(sender + "钱包的余额为：" + getWalletBalance(blockchain, sender));
System.out.println(recipient + "钱包的余额为：" + getWalletBalance(blockchain, recipient));
}

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