怎么利用Python开发一个桌面小程序

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开发环境：

• Python 3.6

• Pycharm

代码

界面设置

1.导入模块

import tkinter as tk

2.实例化一个窗体对象

root = tk.Tk()

3.标题

root.title('计算器')

4.大小以及出现的位置

root.geometry("295x280+150+150")

5.透明度

root.attributes("-alpha", 0.9)

6.背景

root["background"] = "#ffffff"

7.标签

lable1 = tk.Label(root, textvariable=result_num, width=20, height=2, font=('宋体', 20), justify='left', background='#ffffff', anchor='se')

8.布局

lable1.grid(padx=4, pady=4, row=0, column=0, columnspan=4)

9.按钮

button_clear = tk.Button(root, text='C', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: clear())button_back = tk.Button(root, text='←', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: back())button_division = tk.Button(root, text='/', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: operator('/'))button_multiplication = tk.Button(root, text='x', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: operator('*'))button_clear            .grid(padx=4, row=1, column=0)button_back             .grid(padx=4, row=1, column=1)button_division         .grid(padx=4, row=1, column=2)button_multiplication   .grid(padx=4, row=1, column=3)button_seven = tk.Button(root, text='7', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('7'))button_eight = tk.Button(root, text='8', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('8'))button_nine = tk.Button(root, text='9', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('9'))button_subtraction = tk.Button(root, text='-', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: operator('-'))button_seven        .grid(padx=4, row=2, column=0)button_eight        .grid(padx=4, row=2, column=1)button_nine         .grid(padx=4, row=2, column=2)button_subtraction  .grid(padx=4, row=2, column=3)button_four = tk.Button(root, text='4', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('4'))button_four.grid(padx=4, pady=4, row=3, column=0)button_five = tk.Button(root, text='5', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('5'))button_five.grid(padx=4, row=3, column=1)button_six = tk.Button(root, text='6', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('6'))button_six.grid(padx=4, row=3, column=2)button_addition = tk.Button(root, text='+', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: operator('+'))button_addition.grid(padx=4, row=3, column=3)button_one = tk.Button(root, text='1', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('1'))button_one.grid(padx=4, row=4, column=0)button_two = tk.Button(root, text='2', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('2'))button_two.grid(padx=4, row=4, column=1)button_three = tk.Button(root, text='3', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('3'))button_three.grid(padx=4, row=4, column=2)button_equal = tk.Button(root, text='=', width=5, height=3, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#C0C0C0', command=lambda: equal())button_equal.grid(padx=4, row=4, rowspan=5, column=3)button_zero = tk.Button(root, text='0', width=12, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('0'))button_zero.grid(padx=4, pady=4, row=5, column=0, columnspan=2)button_decimal = tk.Button(root, text='.', width=5, font=('宋体', 16), relief='flat', background='#FFDEAD', command=lambda: append_num('.'))button_decimal.grid(padx=4, row=5, column=2)

现在得出界面效果

功能

添加数字

def append_num(i):    lists.append(i)    result_num.set(''.join(lists))

选择运算符号

def operator(i):    if len(lists) > 0:        if lists[-1] in ['+', '-', '*', '/']:            lists[-1] = i        else:            lists.append(i)        result_num.set(''.join(lists))

清零

def clear():    lists.clear()    result_num.set(0)

退格

def back():    del lists[-1]    result_num.set(lists)

等号

def equal():    a = ''.join(lists)    end_num = eval(a)    result_num.set(end_num)    lists.clear()    lists.append(str(end_num))

定义一个列表收集输入的内容

lists = []result_num = tk.StringVar()result_num.set(0)

最后运行代码，效果如下图

先试试

运算得出结果

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