网络必备——动态路由（默认路由+静态+OSPF+RIP综合实验）

本章目的：全网互通，R2设置静态路由，R2和R3在AREA1区域中使用OSPF协议 ，R3设置默认路由回来，R4和R5使用RIP协议

本章环境：GNS3,5台路由器，4台主机，1个外部网.

实验图：

1. 路由器接口地址

R1：f0/0（192.168.10.1/24）f0/1（192.168.20.1/24）R2：f0/1（192.168.20.2/24）f0/0（192.168.30.1/24）R3：f0/0（192.168.30.2/24）f0/1（192.168.40.1/24）f1/0（12.0.0.1/24）f2/0（192.168.70.1/24）R4：f0/1（192.168.50.1/24）f0/0（192.168.40.2/24）R6：f0/1（192.168.60.1/24）f0/0（192.168.50.2/24）

2.外部网地址：

R5：f0/0（12.0.0.2/24）f0/1（13.0.0.1/24）

3.客户端地址：

PC机1：（192.168.10.2/24）PC机2：（192.168.70.2/24）PC机3：（13.0.0.13/24）  PC机4：（192.168.60.2/24）

R3的路由器要多加一块单板

1.配置R1路由器

R1#conf t   //进入全局模式Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R1(config)#int f0/0  //进入接口R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0   //设置地址R1(config-if)#no shut   //开启R1(config-if)#exR1(config)#int f0/1R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0R1(config-if)#no shutR1(config-if)#exR1(config)#do show ip route  //查看路由表Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.20.2 to network 0.0.0.0C    192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0  //直连网段C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1  //直连网段S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 192.168.20.2    //默认网络

2.配置R2路由器接口地址

R2#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R2(config)#int f0/1R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#ex   R2(config)#int f0/0R2(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0R2(config-if)#no shutR2(config-if)#ex

3.配置R2静态路由和OSPF协议

R2(config)#router ospf 1  //进入OSPF协议1进程  在协议里一定要在同一个进程R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2   //设置路由器router-idR2(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1  //宣告30网段再骨干区域area1中R2(config-router)#redistribute connected subnets    //将R2直连的网段注入进来R2(config-router)#redistribute static subnets          //将 静态路由的10网段注入进来R2(config-router)#exR2(config)#ip route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.20.1  //设置静态路由 网段，子网掩码，下一跳地址R2(config)#do show ip route   Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not setC    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S    192.168.10.0/24 [1/0] via 192.168.20.1C    192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1

4.配置R3接口地址

R3R3#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R3(config)#int f0/0R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#int f0/1R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#int f1/0R3(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.1 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#int f2/0 R3(config-if)#ip add 192.168.70.1 255.255.255.0R3(config-if)#no shutR3(config-if)#ex

5.配置R3默认路由和OSPF协议

R3(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 12.0.0.2  将R3设置成默认路由R3(config)#router ospf 1   //开启OSPF进程1R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3  //设置路由router-idR3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 1  宣告30网段在area 1区域中R3(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 宣告40网段在area 0区域中R3(config-router)#network 192.168.70.0 0.0.0.255 area 0宣告70网段在area 0区域中R3(config-router)#exR3(config)#do show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 12.0.0.2 to network 0.0.0.0C    192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:49, FastEthernet0/0C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1O E2 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:49, FastEthernet0/0     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC       12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0C    192.168.70.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0S*   0.0.0.0/0 [1/0] via 12.0.0.2

6.配置R4接口地址

R4#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R4(config)#int f0/0R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#no shutR4(config-if)#int f0/1R4(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0R4(config-if)#no shutR4(config-if)#ex

7.配置R4RIP协议，注入OSPF协议

R4(config)#router rip  //进入rip协议R4(config-router)#ver 2    //使用2版本协议R4(config-router)#no auto-summary   //关闭路由汇总R4(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0   //宣告网段R4(config-router)#redistribute ospf 1 metric 5  //在rip协议中注入OSPF协议R4(config-router)#router ospf 1    //开启OSPF进程1R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 0R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnetsR4(config-router)#exR4(config)#do show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.40.1 to network 0.0.0.0O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/0O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/0C    192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0O E2 192.168.20.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/0C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1O    192.168.70.0/24 [110/11] via 192.168.40.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/0O*E2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 192.168.40.1, 00:00:18, FastEthernet0/0

8.配置R6接口地址

R6#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R6(config)#int f0/0R6(config-if)#ip add 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0R6(config-if)#no shutR6(config-if)#int f0/1R6(config-if)#ip add 192.168.60.1 255.255.255.0R6(config-if)#no shutR6(config-if)#ex

9.配置R6RIP协议

R6(config)#router ripR6(config-router)#ver 2R6(config-router)#no auto-summaryR6(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0R6(config-router)#network 192.168.60.0R6(config-router)#ex   R6(config)#do show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is 192.168.50.1 to network 0.0.0.0R    192.168.30.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernet0/0C    192.168.60.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1R    192.168.10.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernet0/0R    192.168.40.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernet0/0R    192.168.20.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernet0/0C    192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0R    192.168.70.0/24 [120/5] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:21, FastEthernet0/0R*   0.0.0.0/0 [120/1] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:22, FastEthernet0/0

10.配置R5外部网默认路由，和接口地址

R5R5#conf tEnter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z.R5(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 12.0.0.1  //设置成默认路由R5(config)#int f0/0R5(config-if)#ip add 12.0.0.2 255.255.255.0R5(config-if)#no shutR5(config-if)#int f0/1R5(config-if)#ip add 13.0.0.1 255.255.255.0R5(config-if)#no shutR5(config-if)#exR5(config)#do show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set     12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC       12.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0     13.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC       13.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1S    192.168.0.0/16 [1/0] via 12.0.0.1

11.给四台主机配好地址

PC1> ip 192.168.10.2 192.168.10.1Checking for duplicate address...PC1 : 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.10.1PC2> ip 192.168.70.2 192.168.70.1Checking for duplicate address...PC1 : 192.168.70.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.70.1PC3> ip 13.0.0.13 13.0.0.1Checking for duplicate address...PC1 : 13.0.0.13 255.255.255.0 gateway 13.0.0.1PC号主机> ip 192.168.60.2 192.168.60.1Checking for duplicate address...PC1 : 192.168.60.2 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.60.1

12.验证一下是不是全网互通

PC1> ping 192.168.70.2192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=2 timeout84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=62.159 ms84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=61 time=62.159 ms84 bytes from 192.168.70.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=61 time=66.171 msPC1> ping 13.0.0.1313.0.0.13 icmp_seq=1 timeout13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=2 timeout84 bytes from 13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=3 ttl=60 time=92.298 ms84 bytes from 13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=4 ttl=60 time=92.248 ms84 bytes from 13.0.0.13 icmp_seq=5 ttl=60 time=94.935 msPC1> ping 192.168.60.2192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=1 timeout84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=2 ttl=59 time=112.913 ms84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=3 ttl=59 time=110.144 ms84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=4 ttl=59 time=116.545 ms84 bytes from 192.168.60.2 icmp_seq=5 ttl=59 time=116.432 ms

以上就是我们的综合实验了，下一章OSPF最后一个实验虚链路。