Python如何爬取新闻资讯

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前言

一个简单的Python资讯采集案例，列表页到详情页，到数据保存，保存为txt文档，网站网页结构算是比较规整，简单清晰明了，资讯新闻内容的采集和保存！

资料就放在群文件里等你来拿

应用到的库

requests，time，re，UserAgent，etree

import requests,time,refrom fake_useragent import UserAgentfrom lxml import etree

列表页，链接xpath解析

href_list=req.xpath('//ul[@class="news-list"]/li/a/@href')

详情页

内容xpath解析

h3=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/h3/text()')[0]author=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/span[@class="news-from"]/text()')[0]details=req.xpath('//div[@class="content-l detail"]/p/text()')

内容格式化处理

detail='\n'.join(details)

标题格式化处理，替换非法字符

pattern = r"[\/\\\:\*\?\"\<\>\|]"new_title = re.sub(pattern, "_", title)  # 替换为下划线

保存数据，保存为txt文本

def save(self,h3, author, detail):    with open(f'{h3}.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:        f.write('%s%s%s%s%s'%(h3,'\n',detail,'\n',author))    print(f"保存{h3}.txt文本成功！")

遍历数据采集，yield处理

def get_tasks(self):    data_list = self.parse_home_list(self.url)    for item in data_list:        yield item

程序运行效果

附源码参考：

#研招网考研资讯采集#20200710 by微信：huguo00289# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-import requests,time,refrom fake_useragent import UserAgentfrom lxml import etreeclass RandomHeaders(object):    ua=UserAgent()    @property    def random_headers(self):        return {            'User-Agent': self.ua.random,        }class Spider(RandomHeaders):    def __init__(self,url):        self.url=url    def parse_home_list(self,url):        response=requests.get(url,headers=self.random_headers).content.decode('utf-8')        req=etree.HTML(response)        href_list=req.xpath('//ul[@class="news-list"]/li/a/@href')        print(href_list)        for href in href_list:            item = self.parse_detail(f'https://yz.chsi.com.cn{href}')            yield item    def parse_detail(self,url):        print(f">>正在爬取{url}")        try:            response = requests.get(url, headers=self.random_headers).content.decode('utf-8')            time.sleep(2)        except Exception as e:            print(e.args)            self.parse_detail(url)        else:            req = etree.HTML(response)            try:                h3=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/h3/text()')[0]                h3=self.validate_title(h3)                author=req.xpath('//div[@class="title-box"]/span[@class="news-from"]/text()')[0]                details=req.xpath('//div[@class="content-l detail"]/p/text()')                detail='\n'.join(details)                print(h3, author, detail)                self.save(h3, author, detail)                return h3, author, detail            except IndexError:                print(">>>采集出错需延时，5s后重试..")                time.sleep(5)                self.parse_detail(url)    @staticmethod    def validate_title(title):        pattern = r"[\/\\\:\*\?\"\<\>\|]"        new_title = re.sub(pattern, "_", title)  # 替换为下划线        return new_title    def save(self,h3, author, detail):        with open(f'{h3}.txt','w',encoding='utf-8') as f:            f.write('%s%s%s%s%s'%(h3,'\n',detail,'\n',author))        print(f"保存{h3}.txt文本成功！")    def get_tasks(self):        data_list = self.parse_home_list(self.url)        for item in data_list:            yield itemif __name__=="__main__":    url="https://yz.chsi.com.cn/kyzx/jyxd/"    spider=Spider(url)    for data in spider.get_tasks():        print(data)

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