如何使用Express+Less+Gulp配置高效率开发环境

这篇文章主要介绍如何使用Express+Less+Gulp配置高效率开发环境，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！

配置

下面说下我的配置方法：

我的目录结构：

├── app.js   # Express Server├── bin│   └── www  # 启动Server├── dist     # 编译压缩目录(部署目录)│   ├── css│   ├── img│   ├── js│   ├── views│   └── lib  # 第三方库目录(bower安装)├── .bowerrc # bower前端安装库├── gulpfile.js  # Gulp配置文件├── package.json├── public       # 开发目录 │   ├── img│   ├── js│   └── less     ├── routes│   ├── index.js│   └── users.js└── views      # html    ├── error.ejs    └── index.ejs

package.json文件内容：

{  "name": "voteapp",  "version": "1.0.0",  "description": "",  "main": "app.js",  "dependencies": {    "body-parser": "~1.13.2",    "cookie-parser": "~1.3.5",    "debug": "~2.2.0",    "ejs": "~2.3.3",    "express": "~4.13.1",    "morgan": "~1.6.1",    "serve-favicon": "~2.3.0"  },  "devDependencies": {    "browser-sync": "^2.18.6",    "del": "^2.2.2",    "gulp": "^3.9.1",    "gulp-cache": "^0.4.5",    "gulp-clean-css": "^2.3.2",    "gulp-concat": "^2.6.1",    "gulp-ejs": "^2.3.0",    "gulp-htmlmin": "^3.0.0",    "gulp-imagemin": "^3.1.1",    "gulp-less": "^3.3.0",    "gulp-livereload": "^3.8.1",    "gulp-nodemon": "^2.2.1",    "gulp-uglify": "^2.0.0",    "gulp-watch": "^4.3.11"  },  "scripts": {    "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\">

gulpfile.js文件

'use strict';var gulp = require('gulp');var minify = require('gulp-clean-css');var browserSync = require('browser-sync');var nodemon = require('gulp-nodemon');var cache = require('gulp-cache');var uglify = require('gulp-uglify');var htmlmin = require('gulp-htmlmin');var imagemin = require('gulp-imagemin');var less = require('gulp-less');var path = require('path');var livereload = require('gulp-livereload');var concat = require('gulp-concat');var jshint = require('gulp-jshint');var cssBase64 = require('gulp-base64');var del = require('del');// 删除文件gulp.task('clean', function(cb) {    del(['dist/css/*', 'dist/js/*', 'dist/img/*','dist/views/*'], cb)});// 压缩ejsgulp.task('ejs', function() {  return gulp.src('views/**/*.ejs')      .pipe(htmlmin({collapseWhitespace: true}))      .pipe(gulp.dest('dist/views/'));});// 压缩lessgulp.task('less', function () {  return gulp.src('public/less/**/*.less')      .pipe(less({          paths: [ path.join(__dirname, 'less', 'includes') ]      }))      .pipe(cssBase64())      .pipe(minify())      .pipe(gulp.dest('dist/css/'));});// 压缩jsgulp.task('js', function () {    return gulp.src('public/js/**/*.js')        .pipe(jshint())        .pipe(jshint.reporter('default'))        .pipe(uglify({ compress: true }))        .pipe(gulp.dest('dist/js/'))});// 压缩imggulp.task('img', function() {    return gulp.src('public/img/**/*')        //引入所有需处理的Img    .pipe(imagemin({ optimizationLevel: 3, progressive: true, interlaced: true }))      //压缩图片    // 如果想对变动过的文件进行压缩，则使用下面一句代码    // .pipe(cache(imagemin({ optimizationLevel: 3, progressive: true, interlaced: true })))     .pipe(gulp.dest('dist/img/'))    // .pipe(notify({ message: '图片处理完成' }));});// 浏览器同步，用7000端口去代理Express的3008端口gulp.task('browser-sync', ['nodemon'], function() {  browserSync.init(null, {    proxy: "http://localhost:3008",        files: ["dist/views/*.*","dist/css/*.*","dist/js/*.*","dist/img/*.*"],        browser: "google chrome",        port: 7000  });});// 开启Express服务gulp.task('nodemon', function (cb) {  var started = false;  return nodemon({    script: 'bin/www'  }).on('start', function () {    // to avoid nodemon being started multiple times    // thanks @matthisk    if (!started) {      cb();      started = true;     }   });}); gulp.task('build',['clean','less','ejs','js','img'],function () {});gulp.task('default',['browser-sync'],function(){  // 将你的默认的任务代码放这    // 监听所有css文档    gulp.watch('public/less/*.less', ['less']);    // 监听所有.js档    gulp.watch('public/js/*.js', ['js']);    // 监听所有图片档    gulp.watch('public/img/**/*', ['img']);    // 监听ejs    gulp.watch('views/**/*.ejs', ['ejs']);   // 创建实时调整服务器 -- 在项目中未使用注释掉  var server = livereload();   // 监听 dist/ 目录下所有文档，有更新时强制浏览器刷新（需要浏览器插件配合或按前文介绍在页面增加JS监听代码）  gulp.watch(['public/dist/**']).on('change', function(file) {    server.changed(file.path);  });});

app.js文件

var express = require('express');var path = require('path');var favicon = require('serve-favicon');var logger = require('morgan');var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');var bodyParser = require('body-parser');var routes = require('./routes/index');var users = require('./routes/users');var app = express();// view engine setupapp.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'dist/views'));app.set('view engine', 'ejs');// uncomment after placing your favicon in /public//app.use(favicon(path.join(__dirname, 'public', 'favicon.ico')));app.use(logger('dev'));app.use(bodyParser.json());app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));app.use(cookieParser());app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'dist')));app.use('/', routes);app.use('/users', users);// catch 404 and forward to error handlerapp.use(function(req, res, next) {  var err = new Error('Not Found');  err.status = 404;  next(err);});// error handlers// development error handler// will print stacktraceif (app.get('env') === 'development') {  app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {    res.status(err.status || 500);    res.render('error', {      message: err.message,      error: err    });  });}// production error handler// no stacktraces leaked to userapp.use(function(err, req, res, next) {  res.status(err.status || 500);  res.render('error', {    message: err.message,    error: {}  });});module.exports = app;

然后先在根目录下执行安装：
npm install，使用时先运行gulp build将文件压缩、打包、编译，然后再执行gulp开启自动更新服务器。

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