用Powershell 脚本如何修改用户配置文件

本文主要给大家简单讲讲用Powershell 脚本如何修改用户配置文件，相关专业术语大家可以上网查查或者找一些相关书籍补充一下，这里就不涉猎了，我们就直奔主题吧，希望用Powershell 脚本如何修改用户配置文件这篇文章可以给大家带来一些实际帮助。

1. 以其他管理员身份登录计算机；

2. 确认该用户abc已经退出登录状态,可以通过任务管理器或者quser来操作

3. 修改C:\users\abc 的文件名为新的用户名C:\users\abc1

4. 修改注册表，这个里面有一堆根据SID命名的key，需要找到对应的，然后修改对应的profileImagePath

   HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList

   

5. 创建新的symboLink连接从 c:\users\abc <==> c:\users\abc1。windows下面有自带的mklink命令可以使用，比如 mklink /D c:\users \abc c:\users\abc1。PS5以后可以用New-item创建，但是早期的版本没有原生的PS命令，只能间接调用cmd，或者自己写一个方法

上面的操作都可以通过PS脚本来实现。

#创建SymLink的方法，这个网上发现有现成的，我就直接下载了function New-Symlink {    <#    .SYNOPSIS        Creates a symbolic link.    #>    param (        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$true)]        [string] $Link,        [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]        [string] $Target    )    Invoke-MKLINK -Link $Link -Target $Target -Symlink}function New-Hardlink {    <#    .SYNOPSIS        Creates a hard link.    #>    param (        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$true)]        [string] $Link,        [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]        [string] $Target    )    Invoke-MKLINK -Link $Link -Target $Target -HardLink}function New-Junction {    <#    .SYNOPSIS        Creates a directory junction.    #>    param (        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$true)]        [string] $Link,        [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]        [string] $Target    )    Invoke-MKLINK -Link $Link -Target $Target -Junction}function Invoke-MKLINK {    <#    .SYNOPSIS        Creates a symbolic link, hard link, or directory junction.    #>    [CmdletBinding(DefaultParameterSetName = "Symlink")]    param (        [Parameter(Position=0, Mandatory=$true)]        [string] $Link,        [Parameter(Position=1, Mandatory=$true)]        [string] $Target,        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Symlink")]        [switch] $Symlink = $true,        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "HardLink")]        [switch] $HardLink,        [Parameter(ParameterSetName = "Junction")]        [switch] $Junction    )    # Ensure target exists.    if (-not(Test-Path $Target)) {        throw "Target does not exist.`nTarget: $Target"    }    # Ensure link does not exist.    if (Test-Path $Link) {        throw "A file or directory already exists at the link path.`nLink: $Link"    }    $isDirectory = (Get-Item $Target).PSIsContainer    $mklinkArg = ""    if ($Symlink -and $isDirectory) {        $mkLinkArg = "/D"    }    if ($Junction) {        # Ensure we are linking a directory. (Junctions don't work for files.)        if (-not($isDirectory)) {            throw "The target is a file. Junctions cannot be created for files.`nTarget: $Target"        }        $mklinkArg = "/J"    }    if ($HardLink) {        # Ensure we are linking a file. (Hard links don't work for directories.)        if ($isDirectory) {            throw "The target is a directory. Hard links cannot be created for directories.`nTarget: $Target"        }        $mkLinkArg = "/H"    }    # Capture the MKLINK output so we can return it properly.    # Includes a redirect of STDERR to STDOUT so we can capture it as well.    $output = cmd /c mklink $mkLinkArg `"$Link`" `"$Target`" 2>&1    if ($lastExitCode -ne 0) {        throw "MKLINK failed. Exit code: $lastExitCode`n$output"    }    else {        Write-Output $output    }}   #定义一个Flag跳出循环$flag=$truewhile($flag){    $oldName=read-host "Please input the old user name"    write-host 'Searching user profile..' -ForegroundColor Cyan         #测试该用户是否已经登录，这里有个小技巧把quser的字符串结果转换为对象，具体解释参考博客    http://beanxyz.blog.51cto.com/5570417/1906162    if (Test-Path "c:\users\$oldName"){        write-host "User Profile c:\users\$oldName found." -ForegroundColor Cyan        #Check if the user is currently logged In        $quser = (quser) -replace '\s{2,17}', ',' | ConvertFrom-Csv        $sessionId = $quser | Where-Object { $_.Username -eq $newName } | select -ExpandProperty id                 #如果已经登录，那么强行退出这个用户        foreach($id in $sessionId){            if($id -ne $null){                write-host "Detected User $newName still login" -ForegroundColor red                Write-Host "Force logoff the user" -ForegroundColor red                logoff $id            }                 }                $newName=read-host "Please input the new name"        $oldpath="c:\users\$oldName"        $newpath="c:\users\$newName"                 #重命名文件夹        rename-item $oldpath $newpath -Confirm -ErrorAction Stop        write-host "Searching Registry Information " -ForegroundColor Cyan                 #查询对应的注册表Key        Get-ChildItem "hklm:\software\microsoft\windows nt\currentversion\profilelist" | foreach{            #Get the username from SID            $sid=$_.Name.Split('\')[-1];                         #根据SID来匹配用户，如果用户匹配成功，那么修改对应的ProfileList            try{            $objSID = New-Object System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier ($sid)            $objUser = $objSID.Translate( [System.Security.Principal.NTAccount])             $username=$objUser.Value            }            catch{}            #change registry keys            if(($username -eq "omnicom\$oldName") -or ($username -eq "omnicom\$newName")){                write-host "Found Registry Information of user profile $newName" -ForegroundColor Cyan                $keys=Get-ItemProperty "hklm:\software\microsoft\windows nt\currentversion\profilelist\$sid"                 $keys.ProfileImagePath=$newpath                write-host "Registry key profile list is changed to $newpath" -ForegroundColor Cyan                                                  #调用上面的方法，创建Symbolink                #Create new symbolink                #New-Item -Path $oldpath -ItemType Junction -Value $newpath                New-Symlink -Link $oldpath -Target $newpath                                 break;            }            else{                write-host "$username Name not match...skip" -ForegroundColor Yellow                         }                 }        $flag=$false             }    else {        write-host "Profile is not found. Please try again" -ForegroundColor red    }}

执行效果，我直接把这个文件扔到一个远程电脑的C盘下测试，然后以本地管理员身份登录，执行这个脚本，成功！

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