Linux的正则表达式实例分析

正则表达式(regular expression)描述了一种字符串匹配的模式（pattern），可以用来检查一个串是否含有某种子串、将匹配的子串替换或者从某个串中取出符合某个条件的子串等。

元字符通常在Linux中分为两类：Shell元字符，由Linux Shell进行解析； 正则表达式元字符，由vi/grep/sed/awk等文本处理工具进行解析； 正则表达式一般以文本行进行处理，在进行下面实例之前，先为grep命令设置–color参数：

 class="">$ alias grep='grep --color=auto'

这样每次过滤出来的字符串都会带色彩了。

在开始之前还需要做一件事情，就是创建一个测试用的re-file文件，内容如下：

class="">$ cat re-fileI had a lovely time on our little picnic.Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Ohlove, how much I adore you. Do you knowthe extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I thinkI lost my gloves somewhere out in that field ofclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in thegroove.class="">$ cat linux.txtLinux is a goodgod assdxw bcvnbvbjkgreatttttt  wexcvxcoperaaaating  dhfghfvxgooodfs awrerdxxhklgdsystem awxxxxgladgood

正则表达式元字符

特殊的元字符

扩展的正则表达式

实操

匹配以love开头的所有行

class="">$ grep '^love' re-filelove, how much I adore you. Do you know

匹配love结尾的所有行

class="">$ grep 'love$' re-fileclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.

匹配以l开头，中间包含两个字符，结尾是e的所有行

class="">$ grep 'l..e' re-fileI had a lovely time on our little picnic.love, how much I adore you. Do you knowthe extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I thinkI lost my gloves somewhere out in that field ofclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in the

匹配0个或多个空行，后面是love的字符

class="">$ grep ' *love' re-fileI had a lovely time on our little picnic.love, how much I adore you. Do you knowthe extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I thinkI lost my gloves somewhere out in that field ofclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.

匹配love或Love

class="">$ grep '[Ll]ove' re-file  # 对l不区分大小写I had a lovely time on our little picnic.Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Ohlove, how much I adore you. Do you knowthe extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I thinkI lost my gloves somewhere out in that field ofclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.

匹配A-Z的字母，其次是ove

class="">$ grep '[A-Z]ove' re-fileLovers were all around us. It is springtime. Oh

匹配不在A-Z范围内的任何字符行，所有的小写字符

class="">$ grep '[^A-Z]' re-fileI had a lovely time on our little picnic.Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Ohlove, how much I adore you. Do you knowthe extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I thinkI lost my gloves somewhere out in that field ofclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in thegroove.

匹配love

class="">$ grep 'love\.' re-fileclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.

匹配空格

 class="">$ grep '^$' re-file

匹配任意字符

class="">$ grep '.*' re-fileI had a lovely time on our little picnic.Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Ohlove, how much I adore you. Do you knowthe extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I thinkI lost my gloves somewhere out in that field ofclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in thegroove.

前面o字符重复2到4次

class="">$ grep 'o\{2,4\}' re-filegroove.

重复o字符至少2次

class="">$ grep 'o\{2,\}' re-filegroove.

重复0字符最多2次

class="">$ grep 'o\{,2\}' re-fileI had a lovely time on our little picnic.Lovers were all around us. It is springtime. Ohlove, how much I adore you. Do you knowthe extent of my love? Oh, by the way, I thinkI lost my gloves somewhere out in that field ofclover. Did you see them?  I can only hope love.is forever. I live for you. It's hard to get back in thegroove.

重复前一个字符一个或一个以上

class="">$ egrep "go+d" linux.txtLinux is a goodgod assdxw bcvnbvbjkgooodfs awrerdxxhklgood#####0个或者一个字符ansheng@Ubuntu:/tmp$ egrep "go?d" linux.txtgod assdxw bcvnbvbjkgdsystem awxxxx

或，查找多个字符串

class="">$ egrep "gd|good" linux.txtLinux is a goodgdsystem awxxxxgood

分组过滤匹配

class="">$ egrep "g(la|oo)d" linux.txtLinux is a goodgladgood