Docker的基本操作方法有哪些

安装Docker

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# apt-get install -y docker-engineReading package lists... DoneBuilding dependency tree      Reading state information... Done...root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker versionClient:Version:           18.06.1-ceAPI version:       1.38Go version:        go1.10.4Git commit:        e68fc7aBuilt:             Fri Oct 19 19:43:14 2018OS/Arch:           linux/amd64Experimental:      falseServer:Engine: Version:          18.06.1-ce API version:      1.38 (minimum version 1.12) Go version:       go1.10.4 Git commit:       e68fc7a Built:            Thu Sep 27 02:39:50 2018 OS/Arch:          linux/amd64 Experimental:     falseroot@jaking-virtual-machine:~# systemctl start dockerroot@jaking-virtual-machine:~# systemctl enable dockerSynchronizing state of docker.service with SysV service script with /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install.Executing: /lib/systemd/systemd-sysv-install enable docker

搜索ubuntu相关的容器

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker search ubuntuNAME                                                   DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATEDubuntu                                                 Ubuntu is a Debian-based Linux operating sys…   8838                [OK]                dorowu/ubuntu-desktop-lxde-vnc                         Ubuntu with openssh-server and NoVNC            247                                     [OK]rastasheep/ubuntu-sshd                                 Dockerized SSH service, built on top of offi…   184                                     [OK]consol/ubuntu-xfce-vnc                                 Ubuntu container with "headless" VNC session…   136                                     [OK]ansible/ubuntu14.04-ansible                            Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with ansible                   95                                      [OK]ubuntu-upstart                                         Upstart is an event-based replacement for th…   92                  [OK]

下载容器

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker pull ubuntu-upstartUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/ubuntu-upstart8387d9ff0016: Pull complete3b52deaaf0ed: Pull complete4bd501fad6de: Pull completea3ed95caeb02: Pull completea6dc1658c730: Pull complete9ed623dca71b: Pull complete998ee72febf9: Pull complete437038dc2fba: Pull completeda0ee05a1a1d: Pull complete1e1c3e99deb1: Pull complete4fcc22d7b2a1: Pull complete6c7dda5571e4: Pull completeDigest: sha256:597dfb1868012dcd04a705572dbc1542cb7598bce0eaa1c2656eb3acfc8b51d2Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu-upstart:latest

查看容器的镜像

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker images ubuntu-upstartREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEubuntu-upstart      latest              b28219773b9b        2 years ago         253MB

从上面的结果可以看到，容器已经成功下载。利用下载的ubuntu-upstart容器，可以运行一个简单的程序，此处以"Hello Docker"为例：

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker run ubuntu-upstart /bin/echo Hello DockerHello Docker

还可以使用其他容器，如使用ubuntu作为容器，下载操作如下：

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker pull ubuntuUsing default tag: latestlatest: Pulling from library/ubuntu32802c0cfa4d: Pull completeda1315cffa03: Pull completefa83472a3562: Pull completef85999a86bef: Pull completeDigest: sha256:6d0e0c26489e33f5a6f0020edface2727db9489744ecc9b4f50c7fa671f23c49Status: Downloaded newer image for ubuntu:latestroot@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker images ubuntuREPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZEubuntu              latest              93fd78260bd1        10 days ago         86.2MB

Docker的容器操作

当Docker中包含了容器，就如同虚拟机中安装了操作系统一样，可以运行、安装软件、做一些设置。现在就可以运行之前下载的ubuntu:

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker run -i -t ubuntu /bin/bash#运行一个名为ubuntu的容器#i选项表示捕获标准输入和输出；t选项表示分配的终端和控制台root@05559b460591:/#root@05559b460591:/# uname -aLinux 05559b460591 4.15.0-36-generic #39-Ubuntu SMP Mon Sep 24 16:19:09 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linuxroot@05559b460591:/# exit#退出容器exitroot@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker psCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES

命令可以看到使用run命令运行了一个容器但退出之后容器也关闭了这不是想要的结果-这时可以使用选项d让容器一直在后台运行" data-source-line="114″>从上面的命令可以看到，使用run命令运行了一个容器，但退出之后容器也关闭了，这不是想要的结果。这时可以使用选项d让容器一直在后台运行：

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker run -d -i -t ubuntu /bin/bashb19cc95aef9cb6f402062915b527864cf045debc65dbabd23a495cea32a138ddroot@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker ps -aCONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMESb19cc95aef9c        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              15 seconds ago      Up 14 seconds                                   kind_johnson05559b460591        ubuntu              "/bin/bash"              35 minutes ago      Exited (0) 9 minutes ago                        xenodochial_hypatia5bc78fd29b2a        ubuntu-upstart      "/bin/echo Hello Doc…"   42 minutes ago      Exited (0) 42 minutes ago                       silly_jenningsc54bb6d664b7        ubuntu-upstart      "/bin/echo Hello Doc…"   44 minutes ago      Exited (0) 44 minutes ago                       jolly_thompson

从上面的命令输出可以看到一个ID为b19cc95aef9c的容器正在运行，这个ID号就是操作此容器的重要参数。 容器运行在后台时，可以使用attach登录正在运行的容器：

root@jaking-virtual-machine:~# docker attach b19cc95aef9croot@b19cc95aef9c:/# exitexitroot@jaking-virtual-machine:~#

容器的操作还有很多命令，常用的操作还有：

docker cp :将容器中的文件复制到主机上docker rm:删除一个容器docker port:配置容器的端口转发docker start:启动一个容器docker stop:停止一个容器docker top:显示容器中的进程docker ps:列出容器docker logs:获取容器的日志除了以上这些操作外，Docker还有许多操作，可自行阅读相关文档了解。